unit 2 vocab Flashcards
demography
the scientific study of human poulation, including their size, composition, distribution, and changes
contraceptives
devices or methods used to revent pregnancy
asylum
protection grantedby a nation to someone who has escaped their home country as a refugee
crude birth rate
the number of births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
carrying capacity
the maximum population size that an environment can sustain indefinitely
crude death rate
number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year
Voluntary migration
the movement of people y their choice, often for economic reasons or to be with family
agricultural density
the ration of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land
transhumance
the seasonal movement of eople with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures
arithmetic density
the total number of people divided by the total land area
intervening opportunities
the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the atractivness of sites further away
intervening obstacals
factor that cause immigrants to sto and settle before reaching their intended destination
transnational migration
the movement of peol across nation borders, often to establish a new residence
thomas malthus
an english economist who argues that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence
sex ration
the ratio of males to females in a population
rate of natural increase
the difference between the number of live births and the number of deaths occurring in a year
population pyramid
a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age ground in a population, typically divided by gender
guest workers
individuals who migratetemporarily to take up jobs in other countries
forged migration
the involentary movement of a person or people from their home to a new location
fertility rate
a measure of the number of children born to women in a population
epidemilogic transition model
a model highlighting the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
demographic transition model
a graph that describes poulation change over time, based on birth and death rates
internally displaced persons
people force to flee their homes but who remain within their country’s borders
migration
the movement of people from one place to another with intentions of settling permanently or temporarily
distance decay
the diminishing inn importance and eventual disapearence of a phenomenon with increasing distance from it’s origin
anti-natalist
government policies that seek to decrease the birth rate and slow population growth
census
a complete enumeration of a population, typically recording various details of individuals
mortality
the state of being subject to death
age structure
the distribution of various age groups in a population, typically displayed in a population period
overpopulation
the condition of having a population so dense as to cause environmental deterioration, an impaired quality of life or a population crash
refugee
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution or natural disaster
push factors
factors that encourage peole to leave their current location
pull factors
factors that attract people to move to a particular place
pronatalist
goverment policies that encourage childbirth and aim to increase the population
chain migration
the social process where migrant from a particular town follow others from that town to a particular destination
dependency ration
the ratio of the economically dependent part of the population to the economically productive part
step migration
the process of migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages
ravensteins laws of migration
a set of theories about migration developed in the 19th century by ernst ravenstein
physiological density
number of people per unit area of arable land
doubling time
the number of year it takes for a population to double in size, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
emigration
the act of leaving ones own country to settle permanently in another
