Unit 5 Part 2 Flashcards
psychlogical disorder
any condition characterized by cognitive and emotioanl disturbances, abnormal behaviors, impaired functioning
Dysfunctional
impairment, disturbance, or deficiency
Maladaptive
detrimental, counterproductive, or otherwise interfere with optimal functioning
Diagnosis
a systematic assessment of smyptoms, including their duration, intensity, and impact on functioning
What are factors in diagnosis
3Ds: level of dysfunction, perception of disress, and deviation from the social norm
What are the negative consequences of diagnosis?
can lead to stigma, over-diagnosing and over-treating
What are the positive consequences of diagnosis?
helps doctors predict a disorder’s future course, suggest appropriate treatment, and prompt research into its causes
What is DSM-5-TR
Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision
What is ICD?
Internation Classification of Diseases
What do ICD and DSM-5-TR allow?
standardized, reliable assessment and treatment
Behaviorable Perspective
emphasizes observable behaviors more than internal processes
Criticism of Behaviora; Perspective
doesn’t treat cause, just outcomes
Psychodynamic Perspective
views psychological disorders as unconcious conflicts, childhood experiences, and repressed emotions
Critique of Psychodynamic Perspective
unconcious drives are not falsifiable (meaning cannot be proven or refuted)
Humanistic Perspective
views psychological disorders by a lack of social supoort and being unstable to fulfill one’s potential
Cognitive Perspective
views psychological disorders by faulty or distorted thinking patterns, maladaptice thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or emotions
Evolutionary Perspective
views psychological disorders as adaptive functions that have become maladaptive in modern environment
Sociocultural Perspective
considers factors like social norms, cultural expectations, and socio-economic conditions as significant to the development and expression of disorders
Biological Perspective
views psychological disorders to bilogical factors like genetics, neurochemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities
Eclectic perspectice
views psychological disorders as therapeutic strategy that combines elements from various psychological theories
Biopsychosocial Approach
says that psychological disorders arise from a complex interplay of biological, psychologica, and social factors
What does the Diathesis-Stress Model say about psychological disorders?
it’s due to a combination of predisposition and environmental stressors
What is diathesis?
an underlying vulnerability or predisposition
What are the general symptoms anxiety disorders?
Excessive fear, anciety, or disress
What are the possible causes of anxiety disorders?
- learned associations between and mong stimuli
- maldaptive thinking or emotional reponses
- biological or genetic factors
What are the disorders within the Anxiety Disorder category?
- specific phobia
- agoraphobia
- panic disorder
- social anxiety disorder
- generalized anxiety disorder
What is specific phobia?
fear/anxiety related to a specific stimulus (phobia)
What is agoraphobia?
fear/anxiety of being outside of your home
What is panic disorder?
unpredicted/unanticipated, repeated attack of overwhelming anxiety
What are the types of culturally bound panic disorders
Ataque de nervios
Taijin kyofusho
What is ataque de nervios and what are the causes?
a culturally-bound panic disorder experienced by people of Caribbean or Iberian (Spanish/Portugese) descent
caused after family tragedy, death
What is taijin kyofusho and what are the symptoms?
social anxiety disorder specific to people in Japan
Symptoms: intense fear that your body/body parts are embarrassing or offensive to others
What is social anxiety disorder and symptoms?
unreasonable fear of embarassment or negative evaluation in social situations
Symptoms: intense fear of being watched/judged
What is generalized anxiety disorder and symptms?
persistent, prolonged, nonspecific, and excessive worry about various issues
Symptoms: distrssed by worrying. fidgeting, overthinking, imagining worse-case scenarios
What are the general symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders?
obsessive thoughts that causes repreated behavirs mean to calm anxiety
What are the possible causes of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders?
- learned associations
- maladaptive thinking or emotional responses
- biological or genetic factors
What are the disorders within the category of Obesessive/Compulsive Disorders?
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Hoarding disorder
What is Obsessive-compulsive disorder?
unwanted thoughts that compel repeated actions
What is hoarding disorder?
persistent difficulty parting with possessions
What are the general symptoms of trauma and stressor-related disorders?
exposure to trauma or stressor with subsequent psychological distress
What are the causes of trauma and stressor-related disorders?
traumatic or especially stressful events or circumstances
What are the specific trauma and stress-related disorders?
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
What are the symptoms for posttraumatic stress disorder?
flashbacks, severe axniety, emotional deatchment
What are the general symptoms for depressive disorders
sad, empty feelings, irritable modd that causes physical and sognitive effects on functioning
What do people with depressive disorders say internally, globally, and stable
internal: my fault
global: affects everything in my life
stable: always going to happen
What are the possible causes of depressive disorders
biological/genetic, social/cultural, behavioral, cognitive
What are the specific depressive disorders?
Major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder
What are the symptoms of depression?
diminished pleasure, weight loss, insomnia, fatigue, guilt
What is major depressive disorder?
2 or more weeks of 5 or more of the major symptoms of depression
What is persistent depressive disorder?
symptoms should be present more days than not over the last two years
What are the general symptoms for bipolar disorders?
mood disorder
What is mood disorder?
mood fluctuations or “cycling” between manis and depression
What are the possible causes for bipolar disorders?
biological,genetic, social/cultural, behavioral, cognitive
How can you treate bipolar disorders?
lithium
What are the specific bipolar disorders?
Bipolar l and Bipolar ll
What is bipolar l?
most severe form of bipolar disorder (mania lasts a week or more)
What is bipolar ll?
less severe form, milder mania symptoms
What are the general symptoms for schizoprenic spectrum disorders?
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking/speech, disorganized motor behavior, negative symptoms
What are positive and negative symptoms?
positive: inappropriate behaviors present
negative: appropriate behaviors are absent
What are the possible causes of scizophrenic spectrum disorders?
dopamine hypothesus, genetic, biological
What is dopamine hypothesis?
potentially linked to too much dopamine in the nervous system
What does it mean when a cause is genetic?
strong evidence of increased risk of having it when a close genetic relative has been diagnosed
What does it mean when a cause if biological?
prenatal exposure to viruses (like the flu)
What are the possible treatment for schizophrenic spectrum disorders?
antipsychotic medications or other meds that would block doapmine receptor sites
What are delusions and what symptom are they?
false beliefs, positive symptom
What are the types of delusions and what do they do?
Delusions of persecution: false convinctions that others are threatening or conspiring against you
Delusions of granduer: false sense of self-importance
What are hallucinations and symptom are they?
incorrect perception of nonexistant sensory stimuli
positive symptom
What kind of symptoms are disorganized thinking, speech, and motor behavior
positive symptoms
What are the general symptoms of dissociative disorders?
dissociation from conciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, or behavior
What are the possible causes of dissociative disorders?
trauma, stress
What are the specific dissociative disorders?
Dissociative amnesia, dissociative identity disorder
What is dissociative amnesia?
not recalling or remembering important information
dissociative fugue
What is dissociative fugue?
suddenly and unexpectedly travelling away from home or normal routines with no memory of some or all of their past
What is dissociative identity disorder?
two or more distinct identities or personality states that each recurrently take control of the individual’s behavior
What is dissociative identity disorder caused by?
severe childhood trauma/abuse
What are the general symptoms for personality disorders?
enduring patterns of thoughts and/or behaviors that interfere with long term functioning
What are the possible causes of personality disorders?
biological/genetic, social/cultural, behavioral, cognitive
What does it mean when a disorder is classificed as cluster A, B, or C
A: odd or eccentric thoughts/behaviors
B: dramatic, overly emotional, or erratic thoughts/behaviors
C: anxious or fearful thoughts/behaviors
What specific disorders in personality disorders are in cluster A?
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
What specific disorders in personality disorders are in cluster B?
antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline personality disorder
What specific disorders in personality disorders are in cluster C?
avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive disorder
What is schizoid?
social detatchment
disinterest in social relationships
What is schizotypal?
intense discomfort with personal relationships
magical thinking
What is magical thinking?
belief that events or other’s behavior can be influenced by your own thoughts and actions
What is antisocial?
socially harmful behaviors (lack of remorse and guilt for thoughts/behaviors
impulsive, irresponsible, trouble with authority
exploiting people
What is histrionic?
excessively emotional, exaggeration, self-centering emotions
What is borderline personality disorder?
unstable, attention-getting behaior
unpredictable, exaggeration responses
What is avoidant?
feaful and sensitive to rejection
What are the general symptoms for feeding and eating disorders?
altered consumption or absoption of food that impairs a person’s health or psychological function
What are the possible causes of feeding and eating disorders?
biological/genetic, social/cultural, behavioral, cognitive
What are the specific feeding and eating disorders?
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa
What is anorexia nervosa?
undereating and/or extreme effort to lose weight
What is bulimia nervosa?
overeating followed by purging (throwing up or using laxatives)
What are the general symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders?
evaluate if person is exhiviting behaviors appropriate to their age/maturity level
What are the possible causes of neurodevelopmental disorders?
environmental, psyciological, genetic
What are the speicific neurodevelopmental disorders?
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
What is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
extreme inattention
What is autism spectrum disorder?
cognitive and social impairment disorder
impaired interpersonal communication
