Unit 2 Part 2 Flashcards
distributed practice
spacing effect
Long-term Memory capacity, duration, content
Capacity (unlimited)
Duration (more than 30 seconds)
Content (semantic, episodic, procedural, associations, etc.)
part of our psyche that mediates conscious reality
ego
fixed mindset
belief that intelligence is unchanging, even with effort
mood-congruent memory
same mood (emotion, feeling)
categories with subdivisions
hierarchies
Short-term Memory capacity, duration, content
Capacity (Miller’s 7)
Duration (30 sec)
Content (sensory mem)
previously stored memories are retrieved, altered, then stored again
memory consolidation
growth mindset
belief that learning and growing can impact intelligence which is subject to change and improvement
retrograde amnesia
inability to remember the past, old memories stored in long-term memory
Sensory memory capacity, duration, content
Capacity (large - each sense has limit)
Duration (fleeting)
Content (iconic, echoic, other senses))
infantile amnesia
most people are unable to retrieve/ store memories from early childhood
Process of processing
1) stimuli
2) Sensory memory
3)Attention
4) Woking/Short-term Memory
5) Encoding
6) Long-term Memory
test is administered and scored in a consistent manner; same procedures and environment;
standardization
the course of forgetting is initially rapid, then levels off with time
the forgetting curve
achievement test
intended to reflect what you’ve learned
the experience of feeling confident that one knows an answer, yet is unable to recall it
tip-of-the tongue phenomenon
level of performance typically associated with certain chronological age
mental age
memory devices, often using association, organization, or imagery
mneumonics
rehearsing in ways that promote meaning will help with longer-term memory storage (deep processing)
elaborative rehearsal
aptitude test
intended to predict what you’ll be able to learn
try to encode all at once
massed practice
proactive interferance
prior learning disrupts new information
adding new information/details to familiar places
Methods of Loci
when some people demonstrate highly superior memories, which indicates there’s some biological process that causes superior memory storage
autobiographical memory
Working Memory capacity, duration, content
Capacity (Miller’s 7)
Duration (30 sec)
Content (incoming sensory and retrieved long-term
retroactive interferance
new learnign distrupts old information
number meant to measure intelligence based on performance on intelligence tests
intelligence quoitient
brain “creates” memories as it pulls partial information out of storage
construcive memory
state-dependent memory
same physical state (internal) - under the influence, alertness/awakeness
anterograde amnesia
inability to form new memories
multiple relatively independent intelligences
multiple intelligences
one factor that lies at the heart of all abilities
general intelligence
intelligence
ability to learn from experience,
solve problems, adapt
processes and strategies that get information into our memory
Encoding
split-half reliability
splitting test in half and scoring each half separately, should get similar score on each half
when imagining an event, a person is then more likely to believe the event occurred
imagination inflation
how well it measures a concept or trait
construct validity
context-dependent memory
same environment (external) - room
incorrect memory for how, when, or where information was learned (misattributing information to a wrong source)
source amnesia
produce learned information
no cues
recall
memory corrupted by misleading information (usually episodic)
misinformation effect
when someone is exposed to a stereotype about others performing worse, that belief can improve your working memory, attention, and performance
stereotype lift
identify learned information
retrieval cues
priming - wakening associations
recognition
the psychodynamic theory that our unconscious forces forgetting to protect ourselves from distress
repression
clustering items into groups, especially if meaningful
Chunking
reliability
test will yield similar results each time it is taken
Test-retest reliability
same person takes same test again, should get same score
encode over multiple time periods
distributes practice
How do you find IQ?
(mental age/chronological age) x 100
Flynn-effect
over time, average intelligence has increased across the board
how well it predicts behavior it means to predict
predictive validity
someone is aware of a stereotype and is in a situation where that stereotype could be confirmed; belief impacts performance
stereotype threat
