Unit 3 Part 3 Flashcards
stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers an unconditioned response
unconditioned stimulus
learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus
conditioned response
unlearned, naturally occurring response to an unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned response
stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
neural stimulus
learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus
conditioned response
connections; learning that certain events occur together
associative learning
The decrease or disappearance of a conditioned response
extinction
The reappearance of a conditioned response after a rest period or a period of lessened response
spontaneous recovery
learning to associate two stimuli through experience
classical conditioning
is classical conditioning voluntary or involuntary?
involuntary
learned ability to distinguish between stimuli
stimulus discrimination
The first stages of learning when a conditioned response is established
acquisition
replaces an unwanted response with a new desired response
counter-conditioning
single pairing of stimulus with response will create association strong enough to be conditioned
one-trial conditioning
decreasing response to a stimulus due to increased exposure
habituation
Learning to associate a behavior with a consequence
operant conditioning
is operant conditioning involuntary or voluntary?
voluntary
learned ability to distinguish between behaviors and consequences in different settings
reinforcement discrimination
responses that lead to satisfying outcomes are more likely to be repeated; responses that lead to satisfying outcomes are less likely to be repeated
law of effect
the tendency for a behavior that has been reinforced in a specific context to also be displayed or exhibited in similar contexts
reinforcement generalization
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
shaping
tendency of a learned behavior to gradually revert back to biologically predisposed patterns
instinctive drift
Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows.
reinforcement
the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
learned helplessness
Any event that tends to decrease the behavior that it follows.
punishment
when you reinforce behavior every time
continuous reinforcement
what is positive reinforcement?
ADD (+) something to INCREASE a behavior.
*adds pleasure/provides something desirable
what is negative reinforcement?
REMOVE (-) something to INCREASE a behavior.
*provides relief/reduces something adverse
what is positive punishment?
ADD (+) something to DECREASE a behavior.
*administer an adverse/unwanted stimulus
what is negative punishment?
REMOVES (-) something to DECREASE a behavior.
*withdraw a rewarding stimulus
what is variable-interval schedule?
-Unpredictable time period has elapsed
what is fixed-ratio schedule?
Set number of responses
innate, natural reinforcers
primary reinforcer
stimulus that is reinforcing though its association with a primary reinforcer
secondary reinforcer
what is fixed-interval schedule?
Specific time period has elapsed
What is the Social Learning Theory?
learning can occur by observing and imitating others, we anticipate the consequences would also happen to us
what is vicarious conditioning?
learning through others
what is modeling?
imitating a behavior displayed by another
what is insight learning?
solution to a problem occurs without any association, consequence, or model
what is latent learning?
learning that occurs without reinforcement, but only becomes apparent when there is an incentive to demonstrate it
what is cognitive map?
mental representations of an environment
