Unit 1 Part 2 Flashcards
cells that convert light energy to electrical signals
photoreceptors
theory that dreams help us sort out the day’s events
Consolidation Theory
the lens that focuses the image behind the retina
farsightedness
What is the color that pairs with blue?
yellow
retinal receptors that are concentrated near the center of the retina
Cones
when a person can’t see one color
monochromatism
the nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to the brain
visual nerve (optic nerve)
What do cones detect?
detect color and detail
this produces chemical messages in olfactory system, but without our conscious perception
pheromones
the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
Absolute Threshold
a system of ring-like structures belonging to your vestibular system, the system responsible for your sense of balance and directionality of acceleration forces
semicircular canals
this type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to cochlea
Conductive Deafness
What wavelength is red?
long
when a person can’t see 2 colors (red or green)
dichromatism
What do rods detect?
shapes and movement
rapid eye movement sleep
REM sleep
a process where visual stimuli are focused into the retina by the lens
Accomodation
the theory that dreams are the brain’s attempt to synthesize random neural activity
Activation Synthesis Theory
sensations of falling asleep or floating
Hypnogogic Sensations
theory that one color elicits the feeling of the opposite color
Opponent Process Theory
the height of the soundwaves
amplitude
the distance from one wave peak to the next
wavelength
a sleep disorder In which normal REM paralysis does not occur instead twitching, talking, or even kicking or punching may occur
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
our biological clock
circadium rthythm
Detecting colors depends on three sets of opposing retinal processes
opponent process theory
the minimum between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time
Noticeable Difference (difference threshold)
the lens that focuses the image in front of the retina
nearsightedness
the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our enviroment
Sensation
What is the color that pairs with white?
black
a disorder characterized by temporary sensations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings
Sleep Apnea
your body’s information relay system
thalamus
average ability to sense different flavors
medium tasters
this type of hearing loss is caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or the auditory nerve
Sensorinueral Deafness
when cones/ganglion cells get fatigued and turn off temporarily, you’re left with the opposite
afterimages
our sense of smell
olfaction
when a person can respond to visual stimulus without consciously perceiving it
Blindsight
a tone’s experienced highness or lowness; depends on frequency
pitch
What wavelength is blue?
short
sleeping
Somnabulism
a theory that groups of neurons of the auditory system respond to a sound by firing action potentials slightly out of phase with one another so that when combined, a greater frequency of sound can be encoded and sent to the brain to be analyzed
Volley Theory
the process by which our five senses work with and influence each other
Sensory Interaction
brain can create pain without normal sensory input
phantom limb sensation
What can a person with nearsightedness see?
can only see near object
a theory that suggests another explanation that accounts for our ability to hear low-pitched sounds
Frequency Theory
fatty
oleogustus
the savory meaty taste
umami
spinal cord contains neurological “gate”
gate control theory
balance
vestibular sense
recurring problems of falling or staying asleep
insomnia
processes cones, individuals with normal hearing can determine the location of sounds and accurately identify their sources
Sound Localization
the multilayered tissue lining the back inner surface of the eyeball
retina
when REM sleep increases after REM deprivation
REM rebound
incomplete image captured by retina where optic nerve exits, brain fills in the gap
blindspot
the theory that the retinal contains three different types of color receptors, which can produce the perception of any color
Trichromatic Theory
What is the color that pairs with red?
green
most receptors, strongest sensitivity/ability to taste (tend to dislike bitter/spicy the most)
supertasters
someone who has less taste receptors
nontasters
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
Sensory Adaptation
specialized neurons located in the retina at the back of the eye
ganglion cells
Which part of the eye induces transduction?
retina
when your brain routes sensory information through multiple unrelated senses, causing you to experience more than one sense simultaneously
Synesthesia
converts outside energy into a form our brain can use (neural messages)
transduction
What wavelength is green?
medium
can see and sense faces but cannot recognize it (face blindness)
Prosopagnosia
sense of taste
gustation
subjective awareness to ourselves and our enviroment
conciousness
What can a person with farsightedness see?
can only see far objects
focuses the light rays into an image on your retina
lens
a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks
narcolepsy
the retina’s area of central focus
Fovea
a theory that presumes that we hear different pitches because different sound waves trigger activity at different places along the cohlea’s membrane
Place Theory
the awareness of the body’s position in space, and of the movements of its various limbs
kinesthesis
non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep
NREM Sleep
two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion (not constant amount) for their difference to be perceived
Weber’s Law
retinal receptors that detect black, white, and grey and are sensitive to movement
rods
taste buds
taste receptors
