Unit 5: Concept 3 - Mutations and Pedigrees Flashcards
What is a mutation?
any change in DNA sequence
What are somatic mutations?
passed on by meiosis, causes cancer
What are germline mutations?
gametes, passed on by meiosis, causes mutated offspring
What are mutagens?
chemicals that can cause DNA mutations
What are mutations caused by?
occurs during DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis, protein synthesis, caused by mutagens and viruses
What is a gene mutation?
mutation that causes change in DNA sequence
What are point mutations?
substitute 1 nucleotide for another
What are frameshift mutations?
insertion/deletion of a nucleotide
What are chromosome mutations?
changes number/location of genes
What are duplication mutations?
changes size and copies of single gene
What are translocation mutations?
pieces of chromosomes moved
What are nondisjunction mutations?
chromosomes that don’t separate correctly
What is a pedigree?
chart used for genotypes and phenotypes to determine if they will carry
What are autosomal recessive diseases?
common, rare in family, skips generations
What are autosomal dominant diseases?
common, inherited in males and females, doesn’t skip generations
