Unit 3: Concept 4A - Photosynthesis Flashcards
all organisms need what?
constant supply of energy to survive
what is photosynthesis?
sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide are chemically converted into chemical energy stored in glucose
what is the formula for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
reactants
ingredients (CO2 and H2O)
products
results (C6H12O6 and O2)
what is the structure of chloroplast consist of?
grana and stroma
what is grana?
pancake-like stacks of thylakoid membrane
what is stroma?
fluid-like substance that fills the space between the grana
why are plants green?
the presence of the pigment chlorophyll
2 stages of photosynthesis are?
light-dependent and light-independent reactions
purpose of light-dependent reactions
capture energy from the sun and store energy in ATP and NADPH
location of light-dependent reactions
grana (thylakoid membrane)
summary of light-dependent reactions
water molecules are split into hydrogen and oxygen,
oxygen is released as a waste product,
ATP and NADPH are charged up by the sun
details of light-dependent reactions
energy from sun that is passed down the electron transport chain and stored in ATP and NADPH bonds
how is light absorbed?
photosystems absorb light
what are electron carriers?
molecules that carry electrons in order to pass on their energy
purpose of light-independent reaction
use energy from the energy carrying molecules from the light-dependant reaction to make sugar (glucose)
location of light-independent reaction
occurs in the stroma
summary of light-independent reaction
uses calvin cycle,
series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions powered by ATP and NADPH that produce 3-C sugars from CO2 and the H from water
step 1 of calvin cycle
GRAB;
a. CO2 diffuses into stroma
b. enzyme attaches CO2 to 5-C RuBP
c. produce unstable 6-C molecules
step 2 of calvin cycle
SPLIT;
energy from ATP and NADPH and an enzyme break the 6-C molecule into 2 3-C molecules (PGA)
step 3 of calvin cycle
LEAVE;
a. each 3-C molecule (PGA) is converted to a different 3-C molecule (G3P)
b. G3P leaves the cycle to become glucose
c. the other G3P moves on to the next step
step 4 of the calvin cycle
SWITCH;
remaining G3P converts back to 5-C RuBP by using a phosphate from ATP and the cycle starts again
