Unit 4: Concept 1 - DNA Structure and Replication

Question 1

What are nucleic acids?

Answer 1

macromolecule that holds DNA

Question 2

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 2

DNA and RNA

Question 3

What are nucleotides?

Answer 3

makes up nucleic acids

Question 4

What is sugar in DNA and RNA?

Answer 4

DNA-deoxyribose,
RNA-ribose

Question 5

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

Answer 5

Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine-DNA, Urncil-RNA

Question 6

What is a double helix?

Answer 6

twisted ladder of DNA structure

Question 7

What are the 2 types of nitrogen bases?

Answer 7

Purines (Adenine, Guanine),
Pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine)

Question 8

What are Chargaff’s rules?

Answer 8

A=T, C=G

Question 9

What is the RNA structure like?

Answer 9

single stand of nucleotides

Question 10

What are chromosomes?

Answer 10

tightly-coiled strands of DNA

Question 11

What is a gene?

Answer 11

section of DNA that has instructions to code proteins

Question 12

What is DNA replication?

Answer 12

process of making an identical copy of DNA

Question 13

What is the process of DNA replication?

Answer 13

1. Enzyme helicase unzips DNA into 2 strands,
2. Enzyme DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the template strands,
3. 2 identical DNA molecules are formed, each with an old strand and a new strand,
   THIS IS CALLED SEMI-CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION

Question 14

What is primase?

Answer 14

required for DNA synthase, makes short RNA primers

Question 15

What is DNA polymerase?

Answer 15

adds nucleotides to RNA primers

Question 16

What is DNA ligase?

Answer 16

seals gaps in DNA

Question 17

What is a leading strand?

Answer 17

leads towards protein fork

Question 18

What is a lagging strand?

Answer 18

leads away protein fork