Unit 4: Concept 1 - DNA Structure and Replication Flashcards
What are nucleic acids?
macromolecule that holds DNA
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What are nucleotides?
makes up nucleic acids
What is sugar in DNA and RNA?
DNA-deoxyribose,
RNA-ribose
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine-DNA, Urncil-RNA
What is a double helix?
twisted ladder of DNA structure
What are the 2 types of nitrogen bases?
Purines (Adenine, Guanine),
Pyrimidines (Cytosine, Thymine)
What are Chargaff’s rules?
A=T, C=G
What is the RNA structure like?
single stand of nucleotides
What are chromosomes?
tightly-coiled strands of DNA
What is a gene?
section of DNA that has instructions to code proteins
What is DNA replication?
process of making an identical copy of DNA
What is the process of DNA replication?
- Enzyme helicase unzips DNA into 2 strands,
- Enzyme DNA polymerase adds complementary nucleotides to the template strands,
- 2 identical DNA molecules are formed, each with an old strand and a new strand,
THIS IS CALLED SEMI-CONSERVATIVE REPLICATION
What is primase?
required for DNA synthase, makes short RNA primers
What is DNA polymerase?
adds nucleotides to RNA primers
What is DNA ligase?
seals gaps in DNA
What is a leading strand?
leads towards protein fork
What is a lagging strand?
leads away protein fork
