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Honors Biology B > Unit 4: Concept 3 - Meiosis > Flashcards

Unit 4: Concept 3 - Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

body, 2n

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2
Q

What are gamete cells?

A

sex, n

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3
Q

What are diploid cells?

A

2 full sets of chromosomes, 46

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4
Q

What are haploid cells?

A

1 full set of chromosomes, 23

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5
Q

What are autosomes?

A

traits that make up you

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6
Q

What are sex chromosomes?

A

traits that make up you and determine biological sex

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7
Q

What are karyotypes?

A

diagrams of visual appearance of chromosomes in cell

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8
Q

What is meiosis?

A

cell division that makes gametes and haploid sex cells

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9
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

organisms that reproduce sexually, produces offspring

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10
Q

What is fertilization?

A

fusion of egg and sperm cells, produces zygote

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11
Q

Is Meiosis I duplicated? Is Meiosis II duplicated?

A

Yes, no

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12
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

chromosome pairs that have the same types of genes

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13
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

2 identical copies of same chromsomes

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14
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis?

A

process of making gametes

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15
Q

What happens before meiosis I?

A

Interphase:
G1-cells grows and makes proteins,
S-DNA replication,
G2-more growth and protein synthesis

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16
Q

What is meiosis I?

A

separation of homologous chromosomes

17
Q

What is prophase I?

A

nuclear membrane breaks down, centrides separate, spindle fibers appear

18
Q

What is a tetrad?

A

cluster of 4 chromosomes

19
Q

What is crossing over?

A

chromosomes that get tangled, new DNA sequences are made

20
Q

What is metaphase I?

A

homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in pairs

21
Q

What is anaphase I?

A

homologous chromosomes separate/pull away

22
Q

What is telophase I and cytokinesis?

A

TI: chromosomes gather at poles,
C: cytoplasm divides into 2 cells

23
Q

What is the end result of meiosis I?

A

2 haploid daughter cells

24
Q

What is meiosis II?

A

separation of sister chromatids

25
Q

What is prophase II?

A

nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers appear

26
Q

What is metaphase II?

A

sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell in pairs

27
Q

What is anaphase II?

A

sister chromatids separate/pull away

28
Q

What is telophase II and cytokinesis?

A

TII: nuclear membrane forms,
C: cytoplasm divides into 2 cells

29
Q

What is the end result of meiosis II?

A

4 haploid daughter cells

Honors Biology B (17 decks)

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