Unit 4: Concept 3 - Meiosis Flashcards
What are somatic cells?
body, 2n
What are gamete cells?
sex, n
What are diploid cells?
2 full sets of chromosomes, 46
What are haploid cells?
1 full set of chromosomes, 23
What are autosomes?
traits that make up you
What are sex chromosomes?
traits that make up you and determine biological sex
What are karyotypes?
diagrams of visual appearance of chromosomes in cell
What is meiosis?
cell division that makes gametes and haploid sex cells
What is sexual reproduction?
organisms that reproduce sexually, produces offspring
What is fertilization?
fusion of egg and sperm cells, produces zygote
Is Meiosis I duplicated? Is Meiosis II duplicated?
Yes, no
What are homologous chromosomes?
chromosome pairs that have the same types of genes
What are sister chromatids?
2 identical copies of same chromsomes
What is the purpose of meiosis?
process of making gametes
What happens before meiosis I?
Interphase:
G1-cells grows and makes proteins,
S-DNA replication,
G2-more growth and protein synthesis
What is meiosis I?
separation of homologous chromosomes
What is prophase I?
nuclear membrane breaks down, centrides separate, spindle fibers appear
What is a tetrad?
cluster of 4 chromosomes
What is crossing over?
chromosomes that get tangled, new DNA sequences are made
What is metaphase I?
homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in pairs
What is anaphase I?
homologous chromosomes separate/pull away
What is telophase I and cytokinesis?
TI: chromosomes gather at poles,
C: cytoplasm divides into 2 cells
What is the end result of meiosis I?
2 haploid daughter cells
What is meiosis II?
separation of sister chromatids
What is prophase II?
nuclear membrane breaks down, spindle fibers appear
What is metaphase II?
sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell in pairs
What is anaphase II?
sister chromatids separate/pull away
What is telophase II and cytokinesis?
TII: nuclear membrane forms,
C: cytoplasm divides into 2 cells
What is the end result of meiosis II?
4 haploid daughter cells
