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AP Biology > Unit 5 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Griffith

A

Bacterial Transformation

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2
Q

Chargoff

A

The base pair rule

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3
Q

Avery

A

DNA was the hereditary material of viruses

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4
Q

Wilkens+Franklin

A

Determined the shape of DNA from X-rays

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5
Q

Watson+Crick

A

Established the entire structure of DNA (double helix)

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6
Q

1st step of reconstruction

A

DNA is unzipped using HELICASE

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7
Q

2nd step of reconstruction

A

Polymerase travels down 3’ to 5’, adds nucleotides, and bonds sugars and phosphates together

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8
Q

3rd step of reconstruction

A

Okazaki fragments are bonded by ligase

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9
Q

Helicase

A

Unzips DNA during replication

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10
Q

DNA Polymerase

A

Adds nucleotides, bonds sugars and phosphates

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11
Q

Lagging End

A

replicated in the 5’ to 3’ direction in discontinuous chunks

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12
Q

Leading End

A

replicated in the 3’ to 5’ direction continuously

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13
Q

Nucleotide

A

Contains a sugar, phosphate, and base (ATGC)

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14
Q

Every 3 bases on mRNA is called a…

A

CODON

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15
Q

Codons specify…

A

one amino acid

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16
Q

Chains of amino acids are…

A

proteins

17
Q

Transcription

A

the process where mRNA is made from DNA

18
Q

Translation

A

process by which protein is built from the mRNA, occurs in the cytoplasm at a ribosome

19
Q

RNA traits

A

uses ribose, urical instead of thymine, single strand, can leave the nucleus

20
Q

RNA polymerase

A

used to build the strand of RNA in the nucleus

21
Q

tRNA is used to build an…

A

amino acid chain by delivering an amino acid to bind to the previous one (anti-codon, has a single attached amino acid)

22
Q

Operon consists of…

A

a promoter, operater, and structural genes

23
Q

Promoter

A

where RNA polymerase attaches signalling the start of the gene

24
Q

Operator

A

where a repressor binds, stopping the transcription of that gene

25
Q

Structural Genes

A

genes coding for the enzyme, transcribed as a unit

26
Q

TRYP Operon in E.Coli

A

exsists in the “ON” state, controls production of tryptophan

27
Q

LAC Operon in E.Coli

A

exsists in the “OFF” state, turns on when lactose is present

28
Q

Repressible Operon

A

is normally ON but can be turned off (TRYP OPERON)

29
Q

Inducible Operon

A

is normally OFF but can be turned on (LAC OPERON)

30
Q

Recombinant DNA Tech

A

DNA from different sources is combined (human DNA + bacterial DNA)

31
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A

creates millions of copies of a gene (or segment of DNA) using DNA polymerase

32
Q

Gene Amplification

A

DNA must be heated to separate strands

AP Biology (27 decks)

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