Chapter 8: Metabolism (enzymes)

Question 1

Energy

Answer 1

the ability to do work

Question 2

Kinetic energy

Answer 2

energy of motion

Question 3

Potential energy

Answer 3

stored energy

Question 4

First law of thermodynamics: law of conservation of energy

Answer 4

energy cannot be created of destroyed

Question 5

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 5

energy cannot be changed without a loss of usable energy (heat)

Question 6

Enzymes

Answer 6

protein molecule that functions as an organic catalyst to speed up reactions

Question 7

Substrate

Answer 7

enzyme attaches to and acts on (can be hydrolyzed or synthesized)

Question 8

Energy of activation

Answer 8

the energy required to cause the reaction

Question 9

Enzymes are denatured in…

Answer 9

high temperatures, high pH, high saline solution

Question 10

While using enzymes, activation energy is…

Answer 10

lowered

Question 11

enzyme names mostly end in the letters…

Answer 11

ASE

Question 12

enzyme that breaks down sucrose is…

Answer 12

SUCRASE

Question 13

enzyme that breaks down lactose is…

Answer 13

LACTASE

Question 14

Indused fit model

Answer 14

substrates and enzymes fit together

Question 15

Degradation

Answer 15

the substrate is broken down to smaller products (breaking down)

Question 16

Synthesis

Answer 16

the substrates are combined to produce a larger product (building)

Question 17

Exergonic reactions…

Answer 17

release energy, spontaneous, “downhill” reaction

Question 18

Endergonic reactions…

Answer 18

absorbs energy, requires energy, “uphill” reaction

Question 19

Metabolism

Answer 19

he sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism

Question 20

Catabolic reactions

Answer 20

break down larger more complex molecules into smaller molecules and release energy (SYNTHESIS)(EXERGONIC)

Question 21

Anabolic reactions

Answer 21

use energy to build more complex molecules from relatively simple raw materials (DEGRADATION) (ENDERGONIC)

Question 22

Competitive inhibition

Answer 22

inhibitor binds to the active site and blocks it

Question 23

Allosteric inhibition

Answer 23

inhibitor binds to another site on the enzyme and alters its shape

Question 24

Allosteric activators

Answer 24

activators change the shape of the enzyme so it can bind to the substrate more efficiently

Question 25

Feedback inhibition

Answer 25

the product of the reaction will become an inhibitor, slowing down/ stop more product from being created, conserve energy and keep homeostasis in a cell