Chapter 8: Metabolism (enzymes) Flashcards
Energy
the ability to do work
Kinetic energy
energy of motion
Potential energy
stored energy
First law of thermodynamics: law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created of destroyed
Second law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be changed without a loss of usable energy (heat)
Enzymes
protein molecule that functions as an organic catalyst to speed up reactions
Substrate
enzyme attaches to and acts on (can be hydrolyzed or synthesized)
Energy of activation
the energy required to cause the reaction
Enzymes are denatured in…
high temperatures, high pH, high saline solution
While using enzymes, activation energy is…
lowered
enzyme names mostly end in the letters…
ASE
enzyme that breaks down sucrose is…
SUCRASE
enzyme that breaks down lactose is…
LACTASE
Indused fit model
substrates and enzymes fit together
Degradation
the substrate is broken down to smaller products (breaking down)
Synthesis
the substrates are combined to produce a larger product (building)
Exergonic reactions…
release energy, spontaneous, “downhill” reaction
Endergonic reactions…
absorbs energy, requires energy, “uphill” reaction
Metabolism
he sum of all chemical reactions within a living organism
Catabolic reactions
break down larger more complex molecules into smaller molecules and release energy (SYNTHESIS)(EXERGONIC)
Anabolic reactions
use energy to build more complex molecules from relatively simple raw materials (DEGRADATION) (ENDERGONIC)
Competitive inhibition
inhibitor binds to the active site and blocks it
Allosteric inhibition
inhibitor binds to another site on the enzyme and alters its shape
Allosteric activators
activators change the shape of the enzyme so it can bind to the substrate more efficiently
Feedback inhibition
the product of the reaction will become an inhibitor, slowing down/ stop more product from being created, conserve energy and keep homeostasis in a cell