Chapter 11: Cell Communication

Question 1

Negative feedback loop

Answer 1

Returns the body back to a set point (ex. maintaining temperature)

Question 2

Positive feedback loop

Answer 2

increase activity (ex. uterine contractions)

Question 3

Paracrine signals

Answer 3

signal and target cell are close together

Question 4

Endocrine signals

Answer 4

originate from endocrine cells, and send signals to distant target cells through bloodstream

Question 5

Autocrine signals

Answer 5

signal and target cell are the same

Question 6

Direct signaling

Answer 6

Gap junctions (animals), plasmodesmata (plants)

Question 7

Gap junction

Answer 7

gated channels between animal cells

Question 8

Plasmodesmata

Answer 8

cytoplasm exchange between plant cells

Question 9

Cell-surface receptors

Answer 9

viruses attach to a cell and inject DNA

Question 10

Ligand-gated ion channels

Answer 10

channels that open in response of the binding of a ligand

Question 11

Signalling pathway

Answer 11

Reception, Transduction, Response

Question 12

Signal molecule

Answer 12

Molecule sending out signals

Question 13

Target molecule

Answer 13

Molecule recieving signals

Question 14

Gprotein-coupled receptors (GPCR)

Answer 14

Proteins embedded in the membrane alpha-helices and beta sheets are secondary structures (Ligand binds to the recepting site out of the cell, activates GTP in the cell and causes a intercellular response)

Question 15

Nuerotransmitters

Answer 15

a signalling molecule secreted by a neuron to after another cell (ex. dopamine)