Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Unit 4 Part 2 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Part 2 Flashcards

B3.2

1
Q

Where do capillaries receive their blood from?

A

Arterioles, the smallest of arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does an arteriole branch into w/in body tissue?

A

A capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where will a single capillary bed drain its blood into?

A

Venule, the smallest vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do blood cells line up in a single file when they enter a capillary bed?

A

B/c lumen (inside diameter) of each capillary is large enough to accommodate one cell at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a capillary composed of?

A

It is a small tube consisting of a single-cell thickness of inner and outer tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is highly vascular tissue?

A

Metabolically active tissues enriched w/ capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fenestrated capillaries?

A

Capillary beds that are designed to be even more permeable to substances than a regular capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are fenestrations?

A

Small slits/ openings that allow significantly large molecules to exit/ enter the blood and allow increased movement of all molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Examples of fenestrated capillaries?

A
  1. Multiple small capillaries of the kidneys
  2. Areas of intestine where movement of molecules must be rapid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adaptations of capillaries?

A
  1. Small inside diameter (lumen) = large surface area
  2. Thin wall = 1 cell thick, allows rapid exchange of materials by diffusion
  3. Permeable
  4. Fenestrations in some
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are capillaries?

A

small blood vessels which connect arteries to veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

to exchange materials between the blood and cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Receives blood from the heart and takes that blood to a capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do veins do?

A

Receives blood from a capillary bed and takes that blood back to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why are arteries lined with a thick layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibres?

A

B/c blood the recieve from heart is under high pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are arteries lined with?

A

a thick layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adaptations of arteries?

A
  1. Thick wall
  2. Proteins collagen + elastic in walls
  3. Smooth muscle
  4. Narrow lumen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the smooth muscles controlled by?

A

Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the Autonomic nervous system do?

A

Controls those functions in your body that are necessary but not controlled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do the thick walls of arteries do?

A

Allows arteries to withstand high blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do the proteins collagen and elastin do?

A

Allow arteries to keep blood moving and withstand the high pressure
- When blood is pumped into the artery they will stretch to allow blood vessels to accommodate high blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where can you measure your pulse rate?

A
  1. The carotid artery = Side of trachea in neck
  2. The radial artery = On wrist, pulse should be felt 2cm upwards from thumb base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Adaptations of veins?

A
  1. Thin walls
  2. Large lumen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do thin walls in veins do?

A

Allows veins to be compressed by skeletal muscles
- compression moves blood back to the heart

25
Q

What does a large lumen in veins do?

A

Allows veins to carry a large volume of blood

26
Q

What are coronary arteries?

A

Arteries that supply blood to cardiac muscle

27
Q

What is plaque in the lumen of arteries?

A

A build up of cholesterol and other substances in lumen

28
Q

What is an occlusion?

A

The restriction in blood flow caused by a plaque

29
Q

What is transpiration?

A

evaporation of water in leaves through open stomata

30
Q

Where is water in plants located?

A

In the air spaces of the spongy metophyll layer

31
Q

Cohesion tension theory?

A

When water is drawn out of the xylem,moving through cell walls, by capillary action, to replace water lost by mesophyll cells
- The loss of water in the xylem creates a negative pressure in the leaf.

32
Q

How are xylem tubes formed?

A

when cells are stacked on top of each other creating cell walls, plasma membrane, organelles. Once dead, hollow cells have no end cell walls - forming a long hollow tube through them

33
Q

What is lignin?

A

Provides resistance to collapse of tubes b/c of tension created by transpiration

34
Q

What is the function of an epidermis in a plant stem and root?

A

Stem: Prevents water loss + provides protection from microorganism
Root: Grows root hair that increase the surface area for water uptake

35
Q

What is the function of a cortex in a plant stem and root?

A

Stem and root: An unspecialized cell layer that sometimes stores food reserves

36
Q

What is the function of a xylem in a plant stem and root?

A

Stem: Transport tubes that bring water up from the roots
Root: Transport tubes for water and minerals starting in roots

37
Q

What is the function of a phloem in a plant stem and root?

A

Stem: Transports carbohydrates usually from leaves to other parts of the plant
Root: Transport tubes that receive sugars from leaves

38
Q

What is the function of a vascular bundle in a plant stem and root?

A

Stem: Contains multiple vessels of both xylem and phloem
Root: Area in centre of root containing xylem and phloem

39
Q

What is tissue fluid?

A

The fluid that surrounds cells, allowing the exchange of materials between the blood and cells

40
Q

What is pressure filtration?

A

The release of tissue fluid

41
Q

What is a venule?

A

The smallest of all veins

42
Q

Why is the pressure of on the side of the venule low?

A

B/c it is further away from direct pulse of the heart

43
Q

What does release of tissue fluid include?

A
  1. Blood leaves an artery (arteriole) at high pressure, and enters a capillary.
  2. The high hydrostatic pressure of the blood filters blood plasma through gaps in the capillaries, forming tissue fluid
44
Q

What molecules diffuse through facilitated diffusion?

A

Molecules that have natural concentration gradient like oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose

45
Q

What are lymphatic capillaries?

A

Small tubes that some tissue fluid enter

46
Q

What are lymph?

A

Fluid that enters lymphatic capillaries

47
Q

Pulmonary circulation (right side)?

A

The side of the heart that is used to pump the blood to capillaries in the lungs for reoxygenation

48
Q

Systemic circulation (left side)?

A

The side of the heart that pumps returned blood out to capillaries in body tissues to supply oxygen to where its needed

49
Q

What do arterioles do?

A

Very small blood vessels that carry blood from arteries to tissues and organs

50
Q

Adaptations of the heart?

A
  1. Cardiac muscle
  2. A pacemaker
  3. Atria
  4. Ventricles
  5. Atrioventricular valves
  6. Semilunar valves
  7. Septum
  8. Coronary vessels
51
Q

Cardiac muscle in heart?

A

Allows heart to contract to create high pressure

  • Cardiac muscle for the left ventricle is much thicker than the right
  • Left ventricle requires high pressure to move blood around the body
52
Q

A pacemaker/ Sinoatrial node?

A

Initiates and controls the rate of heart beat.

53
Q

Atria?

A

receive blood from the body and lungs

54
Q

Ventricles?

A

Thick muscular chambers that pump blood out under pressure to lungs and body tissue

55
Q

Atrioventricular valves?

A

Located between atria and ventricles that close each heart cycle to prevent backflow of blood into atria

56
Q

Semilunar valves?

A

Valves that close after the surge of blood into pulmonary artery or aorta to prevent backflow of blood into ventricles

57
Q

Septum?

A

Wall of muscular and fibrous tissue that separates the right side of heart from left

58
Q

Coronary vessels?

A

Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to heart muscle

Biology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions