Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Unit 3 Part 4 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Part 4 Flashcards

D3.2 Inheritance

1
Q

What is diploid?

A

Used to describe a nucleus that has chromosomes organized into pairs of homologous chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a heterozygote?

A

An organism that possesses one dominant allele and one recessive allele (ex. Tt)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

When parents have different alleles and it shows the results for only one trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does homozygous dominant mean?

A

Both alleles are dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does homozygous recessive mean?

A

Both alleles are recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the first filial generation?

A

First generation produced by a cross

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is self pollination?

A

When a plant’s polen lands on flowers it has produced itself, this can result in self-fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can farmers do when they want plants with the same characteristics as previous generations?

A

They can use self pollination techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can farmers do when they want plants with new characteristics not seen before?

A

They can use cross pollination techniques

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a gene?

A

A DNA sequence that codes for a protein that will give an organism a specific trait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The symbolic representation of the pair of alleles possessed by an organism (ex. BB, Bb, bb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is homozygous?

A

Having two identical alleles of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

Having two different alleles of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a carrier?

A

An individual who has a recessive allele of a gene that dies not have an effect on phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

Allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is paired w/same allele or not
- Always expressed in phenotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

Allele that has an effect on the phenotype only when no dom allele is present to mask it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are codominant alleles?

A

Pairs of alleles that both effect phenotype when present in a heterozygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is phenotypic plasticity?

A

An organism’s ability to express its phenotype differently depending on the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Phenological?

A

Cyclical events like seasonal food availability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of changes can phenotypic plasticity generate?

A

Can generate changes in physiology, morphology, behavior, or phenology

21
Q

How can two healthy parents create a child w/ a genetic disease?

A

Disease is caused by recessive alleles so both parents must be carriers of the version of gene that causes the disease

22
Q

How is phenylketonuria (PKU) caused?

A

Caused by mutations in the autosomal PAH gene that results in low levels of enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase

23
Q

What are autosomal recessive diseases?

A

Diseases that are caused by recessive alleles and their locus gene is found on one of 1st 22 pairs of chromosomes but on sex chromosomes x or y

24
Q

When does single - nucleotide polymorphism occur

A

When a nucleotide of the genetic code like T is not found where expected to but replaced by C

25
Q

I^A allele

A

Allele for producing proteins called type A antigens = type A blood

26
Q

I^B allele

A

Allele for producing proteins called type B antigens = type B blood

27
Q

i allele

A

Recessive allele that produces neither A or B antigens = type O blood

28
Q

I^AI^A or I^Ai phenotypes

A

Gives phenotype of type A blood

29
Q

I^BI^B or I^Bi phenotypes

A

Gives phenotype of type B blood

30
Q

I^AI^B phenotypes

A

Gives phenotype of type AB blood

31
Q

ii phenotype

A

Gives phenotype of type O blood

32
Q

Amount of genes in x and y chromosomes

A

x = around 800
y = around 70

33
Q

What is a sex - linked trait?

A

Any genetic trait that has a gene locs on X or Y chromosome

34
Q

Process of clotting

A

When a small cut or scrape on skin stops bleeding after a few minutes and eventually forms a scab

35
Q

Where are alleles for haemophilia found?

A

Only on X chromosomes
- Only females can be carriers

36
Q

What is pedigree?

A

Record of an organism’s ancestry

37
Q

What is polygenic inheritance?

A

Involves two or more genes influencing the expression of one trait

38
Q

What is continues variation?

A

When an array of possible phenotypes can be produced

39
Q

Discontinues variation in graphs?

A
  • In distinct categories which have no transition between them
  • Order does not matter
  • Best plotted as bar charts
  • Can determine a mode but not a mean
40
Q

Continues variation in charts?

A
  • Not in distinct categories
  • Order matters
  • Smooth transition from one value to next w/ no abrupt jumps
  • Best plotted as histograms or curve
  • Can determine a mean
41
Q

Inductive reasoning?

A

When a conclusion or theory is worked by looking at samples of evidence of a phenomenon

42
Q

Deductive reasoning?

A

When we apply well established knowledge about a phenomenon to reach a conclusion or theory to explain what’s happening

43
Q

What is discontinues variation?

A

When variation is not continuous

44
Q

How can quartiles be determined?

A

By entering the data points in a graphing calculator or spreadsheet program

45
Q

What is Quartile 1?

A

The middle value between the median and the lowest value in the data set, otherwise expressed as 25th percentile

46
Q

What is Quartile 2?

A

Median or the data point at the 50th percentile

47
Q

What is Quartile 3?

A

Middle number between the median and the highest value in the data set, 75th percentile

48
Q

What does the interquartile range do?

A

Measures the spread of the data and is defined as the difference between 75th and 25th percentiles

49
Q
A

Biology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions