A2.2 Cells overview

Question 1

Prokaryotic cell structure?

Answer 1

• Cell wall
• Cytoplasm
• Plasma membrane
• 70s Ribosomes
• Nucleoid region
• flagellum
• Pili

Question 2

Cell wall of prokaryotes function?

Answer 2

Maintains shape and makes sure cell doesn’t rupture
- Made from protein called peptidoglycan

Question 3

Plasma membrane of prokaryote function?

Answer 3

Controls what enters and exits cell
- Retains a dye called ‘crystal violet’

Question 4

Pili in prokaryote function?

Answer 4

Joins bacterial cells in preparation for sexual reproduction
- Used for attachment

Question 5

Flagella in prokaryote function?

Answer 5

Allows cell to move
- Anchored to cell wall and plasma membrane

Question 6

Cytoplasm in prokaryote function?

Answer 6

Where metabolism occurs and is composed of water

Question 7

Ribosomes in prokaryote function?

Answer 7

Protein synthesis
- 70s

Question 8

Nucleoid region in prokaryotes function?

Answer 8

• Non compartmentalized
• Has one singular chromosome = ‘naked loops’ meaning no histones
• Has plasmids

Question 9

Chloroplast in eukaryotic plants function?

Answer 9

Sites for photosynthesis

Question 10

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes function?

Answer 10

In charge of lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 11

Ribosomes in eukaryotes function?

Answer 11

Protein synthesis
- 80s

Question 12

Lysosomes in eukaryotes function?

Answer 12

Sacs/ vesicles that break down old or damaged organelles
- Produced by golgi aparatus

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus in eukaryotes function?

Answer 13

Modifies + packages proteins to be exported from cell
- Has falltened sacs called cisternae

Question 14

Mitochondria in eukaryotes function?

Answer 14

Produces ATP
- Has circular chromosomes for DNA
- Has folds in inner membrane called cristae
- 70s ribosomes

Question 15

Nucleus in eukaryotes function?

Answer 15

Allows mRNA to enter cytoplasm
- Histone chromosomes
- Double membrane w/ pores

Question 16

Centromes in eukaryotes function?

Answer 16

Located at end of cell close to nucleus and produces microtubules
- Animals: pair of centrioles
- Plants: centromes

Question 17

Vacuoles in Eukaryotes function?

Answer 17

In charge of removal of waste
- Large in plants small in animals

Question 18

Cytoskeleton in Eukaryotes function?

Answer 18

A network of fibres in cytoplasm that maintain cell shape, anchor some organelles, aids cellular movement

Question 19

Endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 19

1. Almost 2B years ago a larger cell that had a nucleus and was capable of sexual reproduction engulfed a smaller prokaryotic cell that is capable of making energy
2. 2 of cells produced a mutual beneficial relationship = single organism
3. Smaller cell went through multiple stages of changes to become mitochondria