Unit 4 Lesson 8: Phrases

Question 1

there are two parts of speech that must appear in every sentence. What are these 2 parts of speec

Answer 1

noun and verb

Question 2

What is a noun

Answer 2

a word referring to a person, place, thing, or idea

Question 3

what is a verb

Answer 3

an action word

Question 4

Do nouns and verbs stand alone

Answer 4

It’s important to note that while nouns and verbs are essential, they do not always stand alone.

Question 5

Do nouns appear by themeslves or with something

Answer 5

In fact, nouns usually do not appear by themselves.

Question 6

Where do nouns and verb frequently appear

Answer 6

nouns and verbs frequently appear in sentences as part of a phrase

Question 7

What is a phrase

Answer 7

a set of two or more words that make up a grammatical unit.

Question 8

What is a noun phrase

Answer 8

a set of two or more words that together function like a noun/A noun phrase combines a noun with other words to create a set of two or more words that function as a single noun.

Question 9

What is the simplest example of a noun phrase

Answer 9

The simplest example of a noun phrase is a noun preceded by one of the articles a, an, or the.

Question 10

What is an example of a noun phrase

Answer 10

Examples include the village or an archaeologist.

Question 11

Here are some sentences that include noun phrases made up of nouns and associated articles.
* A wall had crumbled.

• The site was in disrepair.
  break them down

Answer 11

The noun phrase in the first sentence is a wall. The noun phrase in the second sentence is the site. In both cases, the article and noun function together as a noun and the subject in the sentence.

Question 12

How does the article and noun work together

Answer 12

the article and noun function together as a noun and the subject in the sentence.

Question 13

Here are some other words that can precede nouns to form noun phrases. Notice that the noun phrases in the sentences are italicized.

Answer 13

Words That Can Create a Noun Phrase
* that, this, these, those
These hammers are more than 4,000 years old.
That artifact was found by Susan.
* my, your, his, her, our, their
My assistant has dug up something interesting.
Our site might be about to flood.
* a ____’s, the ____’s
An archaeologist’s job is to find artifacts.
The weapon’s weight was around two pounds.

Question 14

Describe nouns and adjective realtionshop

Answer 14

Adjectives can be combined with nouns to form noun phrases as well. Adjectives typically precede nouns in noun phrases

Question 15

Noun phrases with adjectives example

Answer 15

• This old knife was made out of stone.
• The green pole marks where David found the pottery.

Question 16

What are some examples of modifiers

Answer 16

Adjectives, personal pronouns such as her and their, and many other words and phrases are called modifiers.

Question 17

What is a modifier?

Answer 17

A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that gives more information about a noun or another word in a sentence.

Question 18

What do modifers help do

Answer 18

Using modifiers not only is a way to build noun phrases, but also helps to specify which one of several possible objects the writer is referring to.

Question 19

So far, the examples have used noun phrases as the subject of the sentences, but noun phrases can also be the..

Answer 19

object of a sentence, or the thing being acted upon.

Question 20

Example of noun being the object of the setnece

Answer 20

• That new researcher found a handmade ax.
• My colleague Elissa is digging beneath the rocky cliff.
  Note the way in which modifiers such as adjectives are used to help create the noun phrases in each sentence. For example, in the first sentence, the noun phrase a handmade ax includes the article a and the adjective handmade to create the noun phrase.

Question 21

Modifiers can also include entire phrases. In these situations, the modifier typically comes after the noun. Elaborate

Answer 21

Consider the sentence The artifact was a blue figurine from Italy. Readers can identify the noun phrase the artifact because it includes a noun coupled with an article. The second noun phrase is a blue figurine. The phrase from Italy is a modifier, because it helps identify the noun and make it more specific. This figurine is different from other figurines because it is blue, and also because it comes from Italy. The entire noun phrase includes words both before and after the noun.

Question 22

What is a verb phrase

Answer 22

a set of two or more words including a helping verb and a main verb

Question 23

What are the 2 main parts of a verb phrase

Answer 23

a main verb and a helping verb, also called a linking verb.

Question 24

Where does the helping verb come in

Answer 24

The helping verb goes before the main verb, which describes the main action in the sentence.

Question 25

Here are some examples of verb phrases that begin with forms of the verb to be, such as are or was. Notice that the main verb adds -ing when it is preceded by these helping verbs.
* We are using spades and other tools.

• They were digging for hours.

Answer 25

The main verb in the first sentence is use and the helping verb is are. The main verb in the second sentence is dig and the helping verb is were. In both sentences, the helping verb combines with the main verb to create a verb phrase consisting of the two types of verbs.

Question 26

In some sentences, there may be multiple helping verbs, often including the word have or the phrase have been. Take a look at these sentences:

Answer 26

• We have been using spades for the last three days.
• Soon they will have been digging for hours.

Question 27

Identify the use of a noun phrase in this sentence. How do you know it is a noun phrase?

We dug up an ornate bracelet from the Neolithic Era.

Answer 27

The noun phrase is an ornate bracelet from the Neolithic Era. I know it is a noun phrase because the writer includes the adjective ornate and the modifier from the Neolithic Era to help specify the noun bracelet. The phrase begins with the article an as well. The whole phrase functions as a single noun.

Question 28

Identify the use of a verb phrase in this sentence. How do you know it is a verb phrase?

People could not have been living by this canyon before 6000 BCE.

Answer 28

The verb phrase, which is interrupted by the word not, is could have been living. I know it is a verb phrase because it is a multiple-word phrase that includes a main verb, live, and the helping or linking verbs could have been.

Question 29

Which sentence does not contain both a verb phrase and a noun phrase?

• Wooden tools were rotting away long before we arrived.
• Ben is cleaning the arrowhead we found by the creek.
• The children in this society needed to learn how to sew.
• The earliest settlers here hunted deer, bison, and antelope.
  *

Answer 29

The earliest settlers here hunted deer, bison, and antelope.

Question 30

The goal of archaeology is to study early societies. Often these societies left no written records, so archaeologists must gather information based on the objects these people made and used. These objects are called artifacts. When archaeologists are studying these artifacts, they can often identify the culture that created the object. In this way, we can learn plenty of information about the people who lived long ago.
Identify the sentence that uses two noun phrases and two verb phrases. Identify what those phrases are, and then explain how you made those identifications.

Answer 30

The sentence with two noun phrases and two verb phrases is When archaeologists are studying these artifacts, they can often identify the culture that created the object. The noun phrases in this sentence are these artifacts and the culture that created the object. The writer uses the first noun phrase to describe what artifacts the archaeologists study, so artifacts is the noun and these modifies that noun. The writer uses the second noun phrase to describe what the archaeologists identify from the artifacts, so in this noun phrase culture is the noun, the is an article, and that created the object is a modifier helping to specify which culture. The verb phrases in the sentence include are studying and can identify. The writer uses the first verb phrase to clarify when the study action takes place, so the helping verb is are and the main verb study is changed to studying. The writer uses the second verb phrase to clarify when the identify action takes place, so can is the helping or linking verb and identify is the main verb. Can identify is a verb phrase even though the word often intervenes between can and identify.

Question 31

What is an adjective

Answer 31

a word used to describe a noun

Question 32

What is an adverb

Answer 32

a word used to describe an adjective, verb, or other adverb

Question 33

What is an adjectival phrase

Answer 33

a set of two or more words that add detail to a noun and together function like an adjective

Question 34

What is a adverbial phrase

Answer 34

a set of two or more words that add detail to a verb and together function as an adverb

Question 35

Identify the use of an adjectival phrase in this sentence. How do you know that it is an adjectival phrase?

The turf they just installed is already starting to wear out.

Answer 35

The adjectival phrase is they just installed. I know this is an adjectival phrase because it modifies the noun turf. Also, the phrase functions as an adjective in the sentence by pinpointing which turf the writer is describing.

Question 36

Identify the use of an adverbial phrase in this sentence. How do you know it is an adverbial phrase?

Sara swam with steady determination until she finished the race.

Answer 36

The adverbial phrase is with steady determination. I know this is an adverbial phrase because it modifies the verb swam. The writer uses this phrase to describe how Sara swam, so it is an adverbial phrase.

Question 37

In the following sentence, does the writer use an adjectival phrase, an adverbial phrase, both, or neither? Explain your answer.

The newly formed community team practices every Tuesday.

Answer 37

In this sentence, the writer uses both an adjectival phrase and an adverbial phrase. The adjectival phrase is newly formed community, which describes the noun team. The adverbial phrase is every Tuesday, which describes the verb practices.

Question 38

What is a prepostion

Answer 38

a word that precedes a noun and expresses a relationship between two parts of a clause or sentence

Question 39

What is a prepostiional phrase

Answer 39

a preposition followed by its object and the object’s modifiers

Question 40

Descrive prepostionla phrase and noun phrase
Take a look at the following examples of prepositional phrases.

Answer 40

• The aircraft took off without problems.
• The rocket will land on one of the moons of Jupiter.
  In the first example, the writer uses the preposition without and the noun problems to form the prepositional phrase without problems. In the second example, the preposition is on and the writer creates a prepositional phrase with on and the noun phrase that follows it. In this case, the whole phrase is one of the moons of Jupiter. These words together refer to a specific place―where the rocket will land―so one of the moons of Jupiter functions as a single noun in the sentence.

Question 41

What is a participle

Answer 41

a word used as an adjective and formed from a verb

Question 42

What is a participial phrase

Answer 42

a preposition followed by its object and the object’s modifiers

Question 43

Example of participial phrase

Answer 43

In the first example, the participial phrase hovering gently above the landing pad describes the helicopter. In the second example, the participial phrase concerned about the dwindling supply of fuel describes the astronaut. Notice that both of these participial phrases appear at the beginning of their sentences.

Question 44

What is absoulte phrases

Answer 44

a set of two or more words that includes a noun and a modifier and modifies a sentence

Question 45

What are abosulte phrases like

Answer 45

These phrases are always set off by commas from the rest of their sentences. They are not complete sentences by themselves, so they do not have both a subject and a verb. Like adjectives and adverbs, absolute phrases are not central to the meaning of the sentence. They are never connected to the rest of the sentence with conjunctions such as and, or, or but. Here’s an example of an absolute phrase in a sentence: