Unit 4 Lesson 4: Organization Flashcards
claim
the writer’s main point, position, or stance; the idea the writer must support with evidence and reasoning
evidence
facts, details, statistics, observations, quotations from experts that support the claim or show why the claim is true or believable
What is reasoning
Reasoning is how writers explain why they believe the evidence supports their claim.
reasoning
the thinking behind the evidence; why the writer believes the evidence supports or proves the claim
reasons
statements that explain or justify a point of view
An important part of the writing process is how writers organize their thoughts to make it easier for readers to understand their main points. Writers need to tie the evidence back to the claim they are making. How do they do that
They make this connection using reasoning.
What impact does reasoning have
The writer creates a clearer relationship among the evidence, claim, and reasoning for readers by sharing these reasons, or statements that justify their point of view.
When do writers use transitional words
Writers use transitional words or phrases to introduce their reasoning after providing a piece of evidence.
What do transitions signal
Transitions signal to readers that the writer is explaining the justification for their point of view. This organizational clue helps writers to link the evidence and the claim using reasoning.
What is the relationship between reasoning and evidence?
Reasoning connects evidence to the claim. It explains why the writer believes the evidence supports their claim.
Why are transitions helpful after a writer introduces evidence?
Transitions signal to readers that the writer is connecting the idea from the evidence to a reason that justifies their claim.
What is an effective way to organize the order of the claim, evidence, and reasoning? Why?
The writer introduces the claim, then evidence, followed by reasoning. This organization ensures that the writer supports the claim with evidence as well as making sure the reader understands how the evidence connects to the claim.
Why would a writer choose to use a transition such as “this fact shows that” or “therefore”?
Transitions signal that the writer is about to provide the reasoning for why they chose a specific piece of evidence to support a claim.
counterclaim
a claim that is the opposite of the main argument of an argumentative text
refute
to disprove an opposing argument
Some readers may already be familiar with the topic and may hold a different position than the writer. A writer can anticipate a critic’s arguments against the writer’s position by presenting and then disproving these opposite viewpoints, called
counterclaims
How does an effective arguemnt respond to a counterclaim
In an effective argumentative text, the writer will refute or disprove the counterclaim using reason and evidence.
