Unit 4 lecture Flashcards
How many neurons does our nervous system contain?
85 billion neurons
How many synapses (contacts with other neurons) does each neuron have?
10 thousand contacts (synapses)
What are the three major functions of the nervous system?
- Sensory function (afferent neurons)
- Integrative functions (interneurons)
- Motor functions (efferent neurons)
Describe sensory functions
- Information goe to the brain and spinal cord via cranial and spinal nerves
- Contains afferent neurons
- Anything going to the brain is afferent
- This regards any senses
Describe integrative function
- Integrates sensory information by analyzing and storing it
- Interneurons are the integrating neurons
- They recognize the sense (feel of car keys) and then connect it with what it is (recognizing that they are actually car keys)
Describe motor functions
- Contains efferent neurons
- Go from the brain to the rest of the body sending out signals
- Know that they are car keys from the integrative function and the motor functions tells your hands to put the keys in the ignition
What is the Nervous system broken up into?
- Somatic Nervous system deals with the body and movement
- Autonomic Nervous system deals with automatic movements and actions like blood pressure and standing up
- Sympathetic: Fight or flight
- Parasympathetic: Rest and digest

What are two cell neuronal tissue types:
- Nerve cells (neurons)
- Involved in the generation and interpretation of ‘electrical signals’
- Exciting cells
- Glial cells (Neuroglia)
- Support neuronal cell activity
- 10 times more plentiful than neurons
- Making sure you have the right amount of sodium and potassium
- No excitation just support exciting cells (neurons)
What are the functions of glial cells?
- Insulate
- Support
- Nourish neurons
What are the glial cells that wrap themselves around neurons?
Schwann cells that insulate neurons
What are some functions of neurons?
- Process information
- Sense environmental and internal changes
- Ex. Its hot in here, this exercise is painful (aka. lactic acid build up)
- Communicate changes to other neurons
- Command body responses
What are the four major anatomical features of a neuron?
- Dendrites
- Cell Body
- Axon
- In the picture, it is mylonated
- Can be long (meter long) or short (in the brain)
- Synapses
- Signals presynaptic terminal to release neurotransmitters

Define resting potential
The resting potential is relatively steady voltage across the membrane
What do graded voltage do?
They have changes occur in response to sensory stimuli or synaptic inputs that they will send action potentials
What does it mean all or nothing?
Action potentials are transient, “all or none” changes in the voltage which allow transmission of information

What is the brain and what does it do?
- Control center of the human body
- Center of intelligence, behavior, memory, and emotion
- Coordinates activity of skeletal muscles
- Influences activity of visceral organs and glands
What is the brain composed of?
- 85-100 billion neurons and even more neuroglia
How does the brain act as a processing center?
- Interpretation of sensory information is based on path traveled and destination in the brain
- It sends actions and recieves sensations on the correct paths
What happens to the brain when we learn and develop new skills?
- Plasticity: anatomical changes in the brain; new synapses form and new pattern of activity develops; also neurogenesis (new neurons)
What are the four major parts of the brain?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum (small, hind brain)
- Diencephalon
- Thalamus (gate keeper)
- Hypothalamus
- Epithalamus
- Brain Stem
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Midbrain

What are the 2 cerebral hemisohere’s specialties?
Right: Music, face recognition, visual imagery, spatial abilities
Left: Language, logic, reason

What are the five lobes in the brain?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Insula

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?
- Reasoning
- Planning
- Part of speech and movement
- Emotions
- Problem solving
What are the functions of the parietal lobe?
- Preception of stimuli related to touch
- Pressure
- Temperature
- Pain













































































