Unit 2 Lecture Flashcards
What are the levels of organization?
Chemical/molecular Cellular Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
What is the skeleton composed of?
It is all bones and the connective tissues which attach them to each other (cartilage, ligaments, joints, and more)
What are the bones?
They are each an organ
What do bones contain?
Contain osseous (connective) tissue, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, cartilage, and connective tissue coverings
How many bones are in the Axial region?
80 bones
What are the main regions of the axial skeleton?
- Skull
- Associated bones
- Vertebral column
- Thorax
How many bones are in the Appendicular Skeleton?
126 bones
What are the main regions or the appendicular skeleton?
- Pectoral Girdles
- Upper Limb
- Pelvic Girdle
- Lower limb
How many total bones are in the adult skeleton?
206 bones
What does the 206 total adult bones not include in the skeleton?
Sutural bones because some people don’t have them
What are the 7 classifications of bones?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
- Sutural
- Pneumatized
Where can sutural bones be found?
They are found in patches on the skull
What is the rule of 2?
In the cranium there are two bones that are identical to each other. In the face there are two bones that have no identical pair.
What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?
- Support
- Protection
- Mineral storage
- Triglyceride storage
- Red and white blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
- Leverage (assistance in movement)
What are the bones’ primary function in a developing baby/fetus?
To make red and white blood cells
What are the size of short bones?
They are as tall as they are wide
What are the main functions of the endosteum and the periosteum?
They are important for bone growth and remodeling
What is the periosteum?
It is the outside layer of bone. Technically: Connective tissue membrane covering external surface of bone. continuous with tendons, connective tissue of joints.
How is the periosteum attached to bone?
Attached to bone matrix via perforating fibers
What are the two layers of the periosteum?
- Outer fibrous layer
2. Inner osteogenic layer
What is the endosteum?
The lining of the inner surfaces of bone including marrow cavity, trabecullae of spongy bone, canals of compact bone.
What type of cells does endosteum contain and what are their functions?
Contains osteogenic cells-important for bone growth and remodeling
What does “osteo” mean?
bone
Define osteology
The study of bone tissue