Lab 2 Terms and Lesson Flashcards
What is the plasma membrane and what is its purpose?
A flexible yet sturdy barrier that surrounds and contains the cytoplasm. The membrane contains channels and other proteins to support the movement of molecules across from the extracellular to the intracellular environment.
What is the inferior of the cell filled with?
Cytoplasm which contains cytosol and organelles
How do cells of the human body differ from the generalized animal cell?
Shape, size, number, or type of organelles present.
What are striations?
They are alternating colored line alone cells and patterns of cells
What is fluid within cells?
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
What is fluid outside of body cells?
Extracellular fluid (ECF)
ECF that fills narrow spaces between cells of tissues
Interstitial fluid
Liquid portion of blood
Plasma
Phospholipid bilayer
Two back to back layers made up of three types of lipid molecules: Phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids
Diffusion
Net movement of solutes from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration
What is the term for moving down a concentration gradient?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Diffusion of solvent across a selectively permeable membrane in response to differences in solute concentration
Movement from ____ concentration to ____ concentrations is an example of osmosis
high, low
Movement from ____ solute concentrations to ____ solute concentrations is an example of osmosis
low, high
What moves in diffusion?
Solute
What moves in osmosis?
Solvent
What is the solute/solvent moving through in diffusion?
solute moving through space
What is the solute/solvent moving through in osmosis?
solvent moving through a selectively permeable membrane
Tonicity
The effect of a solution on cell shape
Hyperosmotic
High concentration ECF, “Hypertonic”, shriveling (cretation) occurs because more fluid is leaving the cell than coming into it.
Isomotic
Same concentration ECF and ICF, “Isotonic”, cell remains the same shape because fluid is coming in and out of the cell equally
Hyposmotic
Low concentration ECF, “Hypotonic”, cell gets bigger and lyses occurs because more fluid is flowing into the cell than out of it.
Tissue
An aggregation of cells performing a similar function
Histology
The study of the microscopic structure of tissues
What are the four PRIMARY types of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue
Lines cavities (lumens), covers surfaces, forms glands, always has a free surface. It is always found on the outside of our body. It also allows the body to interact with both its internal and external environments
Connective tissue
Protects and connects other tissues, transport system, primary energy reserve. It is always right under the epithelial
Muscle tissue
Responsible for movement, produces heat. Helps by contracting and relaxing which causes movement
Nervous tissue
Generates and detects action potentials (nerve impulses). Sends messages
What is the function of simple epithelium?
Thin single layer for diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, and absorption
What is the function of Pseudostratified epithelium?
Goblet cells secrete mucous, cilia move mucous and debris out of way
What is the function of stratified epithelium?
Multiple layers of cells that can slough off to protect underlying tissues
What are the characteristics of simple squamous epithelium?
Single layer, flat appearance, nucleus is pulled in ovular fashion
What does the nervous tissue form?
The brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What are the two categories of nervous tissue
Neurons and neuroglia
What do neurons do?
Receive and send info. They have one or more processes (dendrites and one axon)
What do neuroglia do?
Support the neurons and help them to function
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
Mesothelium (epithelial layer of serous membrane), Alveoli (air sacs of the lungs), glomerular capsules (part of filtration membrane in the kidneys), Endothelium of capillaries
What is the function of simple squamous epithelium?
Secretes serous fluid, Diffuse oxygen and CO2 and substances between blood and tissue fluid, filtration of blood to form urine filtrate
Where is simple cuboidal epithelium found?
Walls of the kidney tubules and glands
What are the functions of the simple cuboidal epithelium?
Absorbs and secretes substances into urine substrate and secretes products made by simple cuboidal epithelium
Where can simple columnar epithelium be found?
Lining of the stomach and intestines (nonciliated), Urine tubes (ciliates), central canal of spinal cord (ciliated)
What are the functions of the simple columnar epithelium?
Epithelial cells secrete digestive juices, goblet cells secrete mucus, absorption in small intestine helped by microvilli (helps by increasing SA), cilia move egg to the uterus
Where can pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium be found?
Lining of nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi
What is the purpose of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
Goblet cells secrete mucus, cilia move mucus toward pharynx
Where can stratified squamous epithelium be found?
Surface of the skin, lining of the mouth, esophagus, anus, and vagina
Where can transition epithelium be found?
lining of the urinary bladder, parts of the ureters and urethra
What is the purpose of the transitional epithelium?
Provides protective barrier that permits distension
Key features for simple squamous epithelium
The nuclei is pulled in an ovular fashion
Single layer
Flat appearance
Key features for simple cuboidal epithelium
Single layer
cubed appearance
nuclei generally in line and circular
Key features for simple columnar epithelium
Single layer
Tall cells
Oval nuclei
**Can be ciliated
Key features for pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
Has cilia Nuclei isn't all in line Illusion of several layers by disordered nuclei All cells touch basement membrane Cells are different shapes and heights
Key features for stratified squamous epithelium
Multiple layers
flat appearance
Key features for transitional epithelium
Changing shapes (from cuboidal to squamous) Multiple cell layers of each
Where is skeletal muscle tissue found?
Attached to bones and skin
What is the function of skeletal muscle tissue?
Movement of bones and skin, heat generation
Where is cardiac muscle tissue found?
Wall of the heart
What is the function of cardiac muscle tissue?
movement of blood through the cardiovascular system
Where is the smooth muscle tissue found?
walls of arteries and veins
walls of ureters, bladder, and urethra
intrinsic eye muscles
What is the purpose of smooth muscle tissue?
Controls blood flow and blood pressure by contractions and relaxations
Movement of urine
Contract and relax pupil size
Key features of skeletal muscle tissue
Striated
Multinucleated
cylindrical cells
Voluntary and involuntary control
Key features of cardiac muscle tissue
Striated 1-2 nuclei Cell branching intercalated disks Involuntary control
Key features for smooth muscle tissue
1 nucleus
Cell spindle shapes
involuntary control
