Lab 1 Terms and Lesson Flashcards
Axial
Pertaining to the central part of the body, the head, and the trunk
Cephalic
Pertaining to the head
Cranial
Pertaining to the portion of the skull surrounding the brain
Facial
Pertaining to the face
Frontal
Pertaining to the forehead
Orbital
Pertaining to the Eye
Octic
Pertaining to the Ear
Nasal
Pertaining to the nose
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheek
Oral
Pertaining to the mouth
Mental
Pertaining to the chin
Occipital
Pertaining to the back of the head
Cervical
Pertaining to the neck
Thoracic
Pertaining to the chest
Sternal
Pertaining to the breast bone
Pectoral
Pertaining to the chest
Mammary
Pertaining to the breast
Abdominal
Pertaining to the abdomen
Umbilical
Pertaining to the navel
Coxal
Pertaining to the hip
Pelvic
Pertaining to the pelvis
Pubic
Pertaining to the genital area
Dorsal
Pertaining to the back
Scapular
Pertaining to the shoulder blade region
Vertebral
Pertaining to the spinal column
Lumbar
Pertaining to the area of the back between the lowest rib and buttock
Appendicular
Pertaining to the extremities or limbs
Acromial
Pertaining to the highest point of the shoulder
Axillary
Pertaining to the armpit
Brachial
Pertaining to the arm
Antecubital
Pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow
Olecranal
Pertaining tot he posterior surface of the elbow
Antebrachial
Pertaining to the forearm
Carpal
Pertaining to the wrist
Manual
Pertaining to the hand
Palmar
Pertaining to the palm of the hand
Digital
Pertaining to the digits (fingers or toes)
Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin where the thigh attaches to the pelvis
Gluteal
Pertaining to the buttocks
Femoral
Pertaining to the thigh
Patellar
Pertaining to the anterior surface of the knee
Popliteal
Pertaining to the posterior surface of the knee
Crural
Pertaining to the anterior surface of the leg
Fibular or Peroneal
Pertaining to the lateral side of the leg
Sural
Pertaining to the posterior surface of the leg
Tarsal
Pertaining to the ankle
Pedal
Pertaining to the foot
Plantar
Pertaining to the sole of the foot
Calcaneal
Pertaining to the heel
What does the head consist of?
Consists of the skull and the face
Skull bones
Cranial and facial bones
Where is the face and what does it contain?
Anterior portion of the head comprised of the forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and chin
What does the neck connect?
Connects the head to the trunk
What does the trunk consist of?
Consists of the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and the back.
Where is the chest and what does it contain?
Area between neck and diaphragm that contains the heart and the lungs
Where is the abdomen and what does it contain?
Area between the chest and hip bones that contains digestive organs
Where is the pelvis and what does it contain?
Area below abdomen that contains internal reproductive organs and urinary bladder
Where is the back?
Posterior portion of trunk between neck and buttocks
What does the upper limb consist of?
It consists of the Shoulder, arm, forearm, and hand
Where is the shoulder?
It is the curved area where arm attaches to upper border of trunk
Where is the arm?
Area between shoulder and elbow
Where is the forearm?
Area between elbow and wrist
What does the hand consist of?
Contains the wrist, palm, and fingers
What does the lower limb consist of?
Consists of the buttocks, groin, thigh, leg, and foot
Where is the buttocks?
Rounded area on posterior surface where thigh attaches to the trunk
Where is the groin?
Area on anterior surface where lower limb attaches tot he pelvis
Where is the leg?
Area of lower limb between knee and ankle
What does the foot include?
Includes ankle, sole, and toes
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Anterior (Ventral)
Closer to the front of the body
Posterior (Dorsal)
Closer to the back of the body
Medial
Closer to the midline of the body
Lateral
Farther from midline of body
Intermediate
Between two structures
Ipsilateral
On the same side of the body
Contralateral
On opposite sides of the body
Proximal
Nearer to point of attachment of limb to trunk
Distal
Farther from point of attachment of limb to trunk
Superficial
Closer to surface of body
Deep
Farther from surface of body
The head is BLANK to the neck
Superior
The neck is BLANK to the head
Inferior
The lips are BLANK to the teeth
Anterior
The teeth are BLANK to the lips
Posterior
The nose is BLANK to the eyes
Medial
The eyes are BLANK to the nose
Lateral
The elbow is BLANK between the shoulder and the wrist
Intermediate
The right arm and right leg are BLANK
Ipsilateral
The right arm and left arm are BLANK
Contralateral
The elbow is BLANK to the wrist
Proximal
The wrist is BLANK to the elbow
Distal
The skin is BLANK to the muscles
Superficial
The muscles are BLANK to the skin
Deep
The exposed surfaces produced by planes are called BLANK
Sections
BLANK pass vertically through the body or organs and divide them into right and left sections
Sagittal planes/Sagittal sections
Midsagittal Planes
Planes passes vertically through the midline and divides the body or organs into equal right and left halves
Parasagittal Planes
Plane divides the body into unequal vertical right and left portions
Frontal or coronal plane
Passes vertically through the body or organs and produces anterior and posterior sections (frontal sections)
Transverse plane
Passes horizontally through the body and produces superior and inferior sections (transverse sections or cross-sections)
Oblique planes
Pass through the body at an angle forming oblique sections
Longitudinal sections
Sections that are produced by a plane running along the long axis of a long narrow structure
Cross-Sections
Sections that are produced by a plane running perpendicular to the long axis
What are the functions and major organs in the Cardiovascular system?
Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, gases, and wastes in bloods. Major organs: Heart and blood vessels.
What are the functions and major organs in the Respiratory system?
Adds oxygen to blood and removes carbon dioxide from blood. Major organs: nose, pharynx (throat), larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
What are the functions and major organs in the Digestive system?
Breaks down food into units that can be absorbed into the body, eliminates wastes and non-digestible fiber in food. Major organs: mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
What are the functions and major organs in the Urinary system?
Removes nitrogenous wastes; maintains body fluid volume, pH, and electrolyte levels through urine production. Major organs: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
What are the functions and major organs in the Integumentary system?
Provides a protective barrier for the body and aids in production of vitamin D; contains sensory receptors for pain, touch, and temperature thermoregulation. Major organs: skin and skin structures (hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands)
What are the functions and major organs in the Lymphatic and Immune system?
Returns fluid to cardiovascular system; detects and eliminates disease-causing organisms. Major organs: lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and tonsils.
What are the functions and major organs in the Skeletal system?
Protects major organs; provides levers and supports for body movement. Major organs: bones and cartilage
What are the functions and major organs in the Nervous system?
Controls cell function with electrical signals; helps control body homeostasis. Major organs: brain, spinal cord, nerves.
What are the functions and major organs in the Endocrine system?
Controls cell function with hormones; helps control body homeostasis. Major Organs: hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal gland, thymus, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes.
What are the functions and major organs in the Reproductive system?
Produces gametes; female uterus provides environment for development of fetus. Major organs in male: testes, ductus deferens, penis. Major organs in females: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina.
Thoracic cavity
The space enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and vertebral column. Contains three small cavities: the pericardial cavity, and two pleural cavities.
Pericardial cavity
Around the heart
Pleural cavities
Side of the ribs
Mediastinum
Central area within the thoracic cavity, extends from the neck to the diaphragm and from the sternum to the vertebral column.
Diaphragm
Separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity
Consists of two continuous cavities: the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
The superior portion located between the diaphragm and the brim of the pelvis (hip bones).
Peritoneal Cavity
In the abdominal cavity which contains the pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, and portions of the large intestines, small intestine, aorta, and inferior vena cava.
Pelvic Cavity
Inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains part of the large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, female reproductive organs (ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina) and male reproductive organs (prostate, and part of ductus defrens). Testes and penis located inferior to pelvic cavity not in it.
Serous membrane
composed of two layers: a visceral and a parietal layer
What does the Visceral layer do?
covers the organ
What does the Parietal layer do?
attaches to and covers the ventral body wall
What does the serous fluid do?
Prevents friction as organs move within the ventral body cavity
What serous membranes are included in the thoracic region
pleura (which covers the lungs), pericardium (which covers the heart)
Which serous membrane is in the peritoneal cavity
The serous membrane that covers abdominal organs in the peritoneal cavity is the peritoneum.
