Unit 3b Test Flashcards
Main difference between interest group and party?
Parties run candidates, interest groups influence political process
- percent of Americans belong to interest groups
75%
Most Americans belong to - interest groups
3
of interest groups have - since 1970s
Mushroomed
Americans - to be interest group members
Most likely
Interest groups have the right to spend money -, what act?
Unlimited, citizens United case
PACs may contribute - to campaigns, but may also –
Directly, campaign separately
PACs are - source of revenue for most campaigns
Main
PACs have to follow —, but can spend —
Campaign contribution limits, unlimited amounts campaigning
Both PACs and 527s represent - interests and policies
Narrow
Both PACs and 527s may –(–)for campaigns, but can’t —
Run ads, (issue ads, coordinate with campaigns
527s are –, – organizations
Tax exempt, nonprofit
527s (do not, or do) contribute directly to campaigns
Do not
527s have – FEC regulation
Very little
527s have - legal campaigning limits
No
What are economic interest groups? (4)
Professional groups, labor unions, agricultural groups, business groups
Professional groups are composed of people from -
Professional occupations
Economic interest groups are most concerned with - (3)
Wages, prices, profits
Labor unions are - in power. They are involved in –
Declining, grassroots electioneering
Agricultural groups are most worried about -
Prices
What are right to work laws?
Open shop, people don’t have to join Union, causes free rider problem, closed shop (everyone required to be in Union) is illegal
Largest number of interest groups are - (over -%)
Business groups, over 50%
Largest business group
Chamber of commerce of US
What are consumer and public interests (3)?
Consumer interests, environmental interests, govt reform interests
What are consumer and public interests most concerned with?
Collective goods, free rider problem, foundation grants I
What are equality and justice interests?
What do they mainly use?
Equal rights groups, litigation
What are examples of equal rights groups?
NAACP, NOW
Collective goods:
Something of value automatically enjoyed by everyone, can’t be without
Free rider problem:
Individual may receive benefits of a good without contributing to cost
Types of interest group based on membership?
Institutional interest groups, individual interest groups
Institutional interest group examples: (3)
Chamber of commerce of us
National league of cities
National council of education
Americans citizens - likely to join - or - interest groups than other democs (political participation)
More likely, political or religious interest groups
Electioneering
Actively taking part in campaigns either through grassroots electioneering or through PAC donations
Examples of individual interest groups: (5)
AFL-CIO NAACP NOW (national organization for women) Christian coalition Sierra club
Union with closed shop:
Workplace where employees must join unions within specified period if Union has been approved by workers
Right to work laws are desired by - to - unions
Businesses, weaken
Paid lobbyists are used by - interest groups, but most effective for – groups
All, institutional interest groups
Surprisingly, lobbyists – bc they are - in a - field
Write legislation, experts in a little field
– are lobbyists successful in changing opinions of policy makers, only good at - opinions of lawmakers who already —
Very rarely, reinforcing, already agree with them
What are the strategies of interest groups? (4) and what branches do they appeal to?
Lobbying (leg and ex), electioneering (leg and ex), litigation (courts), appealing to public (leg and executive)
Lobbying appeals - to policy makers
Directly
Grassroots campaign work (part of -)
Camp to ppl for candidates, electioneering
By giving donations you can get -
Access
1 method
Helping finance campaigns
Going public
Working to influence public opinion
Class action lawsuit:
Combining several different cases into one to demonstrate stronger case
Amicus curiae briefs
Legal argument in lawsuit submitted on behalf of litigant from supporters of case
Ratings game:
Grading public officials based on how well they supported the interest groups goals of publicizing results
How do interest groups raise money? (4)
Membership dues, philanthropic foundation grants, fed grants and projects, direct mail campaigning
- is #1 way of getting money for institutional groups
Membership dues
- is important for public interest groups
Philanthropic foundation grants l
- is used for public projects of interest groups and was reduced by - administration
Fed grants and projects, Reagan administration
What’s #1 method of raising money for most groups?
Direct mail campaigning
Print media is - as of 2004
2
Print media users are –
Most informed
Watchdog function of press
Idea that we depend on press to keep an eye on government
Media is strongest of all – in agenda setting
Linkage institutions
What’s a filibuster
Stalling a bill with unlimited speech, Senators only
Staying on message
Effort by party leaders or administrative officials to repeat the planned same message at every opportunity
Coined phrasing
Research to find words or phrases that are most successful to public
Gatekeeper role
Agenda setting, even when story is not reported it affects agenda
Main roles of media (3)
Gatekeeper role, scorekeepers role, watchdog role
The bully pulpit:
President can make speeches covered by media to advance agenda
Media replaces - in teen years
Parents
- media is regulated much heavier than –
Broadcast media, print media
Prior restraint
Govt cannot stop news story before it is published, however can punish afterwards if criminal
Telecommunications act of 1996
Broadcast companies can only own 1 radio station and 1 TV station in each local market, can own as many stations nationally as they desire
Fairness doctrine
Required broadcasters to give time to opposing views if they broadcast a program giving one side of a controversial issue
Communications decency act
(Telecommunications act 1996), illegal to transmit “indecent materials”
- percent of campaign budget
Campaign advertising
Pres has - organization to regulate Media, – regulates it
White House pres corps, press secretary
First pres to use mass media was - with -
FDR, fireside chats
Pres relationship with pres more -, less -
Confrontational, cordial
4th branch of government
Media
Even though opportunities for political information have - through electronic media, the public is –
Increased, less informed