Chapter 2 Test Flashcards
Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada important
It helped ensure England’s naval dominance in the Atlantic
What two groups were eager to join colonization ventures
Farmers driven off their lands by enclosure, and disinherited younger sons of the upper class gentry
What was the primary purpose of the joint stock Virginia Company?
To charter a settlement in the new world (wanted to find gold and find passage to America through indies) , intended to last only a few years and then be liquidated for profit
What was the survival rate for settlers at Jamestown
Less than 20 percent
Why was the Maryland colony founded?
Establish religious refuge for Catholics and for profit
Where did South Carolina have ties?
British West Indies
Where did the slave codes in North America come from
Barbados slave code from West Indies sugar plantations
What was the principal export crop in South Carolina?
Rice after experimentation
South Carolina prospered partly by selling in the West Indies?
Indian slaves
What colony, compared to Virginia and South Carolina, was more democratic and individualistic in social outlook
North Carolina
What did all the southern colonies come to rely on for their economic prosperity
Staple crop plantation agriculture
After the succession of who, did england become Protestant
Queen Elizabeth 1
Where were England’s first two Native American colonies launched in
Newfoundland and North Carolina
English’s attitude toward natives in new world came from their attitude towards ppl from
Ireland
England’s victory over the Spanish Armada gave it what?
Naval dominance of the Atlantic Ocean and a vibrant sense of nationalism
What was england like at the time of its first colonization efforts?
Enjoying a period of social and economic stability
Who were many of the early Puritan settlers of America
Displaced farmers from eastern and western England
Who saved England’s first colony, Jamestown, and how?
John smith leadership, John Rolfe introduction of tobacco
Representative govt was introduced to the Americas in the colony of
Virginia
What was one important difference between Virginia and Maryland?
Virginia was founded as a strictly economic venture, Maryland was intended to partly secure religious freedom for persecuted Roman Catholics
When was the act of toleration passed
1649
What did the act of toleration provide freedom for
Religion for Protestants and Catholics
What was the main reason no new colonies were founded in 1634-1670?
Civil war in England
Early conflicts between eng settlers and Ind near Jamestown laid the basis for the
Forced separation of ind in the separate territories of the reservation system
After the defeat of what ind by North Carolinians in 1711-1715 did what happen
Tuscarora and yamasee , there were almost no ind left east of the Mississippi River
Most of the early white settlers in North Carolina were
Religious dissenters and poor whites fleeing aristocratic Virginia
The high minded philanthropists who founded the Georgia colony were especially interested in the cause of
Prison reform
Island colony founded by sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in 1580s
Roanoke
Naval invaders defeated by english sea dogs in 1588
Spain “invincible armada”
Who founded Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh
Forerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool financial capital and commercial ventures
Joint stock company
Two wars fought in 1614 and 1644 between the english in Jamestown and nearby Indian leader
1st and 2nd Anglo Powhatan war
When was the Barbados slave code adopted by South Carolina
1696
Assembly that first allowed local representative self govt for eng settlers in North America
House of burgesses
Penniless people obligated to engage in unpaid labor for a fixed number of years, usually in exchange for right of passage to new world or other benefits
Indentured servants
Poor farmers who occupied land in North Carolina and elsewhere , raised crops without gaining legal title to the soil
Squatters
Spain’s North American colony from which spanish intruders periodically threatened end settlers in Georgia and the Caroline’s
Florida
Primary staple crop of Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina
Tobacco
Melting pot town in colonial Georgia
Savannah
Who were Elizabethan courtiers who failed in their attempts to found new world colonies
Walter Raleigh and Humphrey Gilbert
Who was lord le la warr
Harsh military governor of Virginia who employed irish tactics against the Indians
Who was John Wesley
British founder of Methodist church who served for a time as a missionary in colonial Georgia
What was Georgia originally founded for
Debtors by philanthropists
Who was james Oglethorpe
Philanthropic soldier statesman who founded the Georgia colony
Look at the putting things in order thing
Yay!
What led many younger sons of the gentry to seek their fortunes in exploration and colonization
English law of primogeniture
What led to two Anglo Powhatan wars that virtually exterminated Virginians Indian population
Lord de la wars use of brutal irish tactics in Virginia
What became the legal basis for slavery in North America
Barbados slave code
John smiths stern leadership in Virginia led to
Gold hungry colonists working and saving them from total starvation
The eng settlers near destruction of small ind tribes
Contributed to the formation of powerful ind coalitions like the Iroquois and algonquians
The flight of poor farmers and religious dissenters from planter run Virginia
Led to founding of independent minded North Carolina
Georgia’s unhealthy climate, restrictions on slavery, and vulnerability to Spanish attacks
Kept the buffer colony poor and largely unpopulated for a long time
What shaped England’s politics and foreign policy in the 16th century
It’s religious rivalry with catholic spain
