Chapter 13 Test Flashcards
Finished first in popular vote but lost in House of Representatives
Andrew Jackson
Threw his support to the winning candidate, inspiring charges of corrupt bargain
Henry clay
Finished third in electoral vote but was eliminated by illness
William Crawford
Was elected president by the House of Representatives despite his weak popular appeal
John Quincy Adams
Who won the election of 1828, what section of the country supported this candidate, why did he appeal to them
Andrew Jackson, south and west, common man
What system did Jackson put into place when he was elected president, do you believe it was effective
Spoils system, no
What is a tariff
Ban to protect American industry against competition from European manufactured goods, raised prices of both American and European goods
What section of the country was most affected by the tariff of abominations, why did it affect them so much, is it fair for a particular state to pick and choose the laws they follow, why or why not, do we still have issues like that today
South, they sold raw materials to world markets completely unprotected by tariffs but were forced to buy manufactured goods (and were high consumers) in American market heavily protected by them (so they had to pay more than any other section). Not fair, it can cause federal govt and other states to suffer, separate state from nation, gay marriage, marijuana
Who was in charge of the nullification crisis in South Carolina , why would this be a huge deal, what was the basic principal of nullification
Calhoun, he’s Vice President, defiance of his boss (the president) and could lead to civil war, an unstable federal govt, and disunion, a state getting rid of any law they found unconstitutional
What was Andrew jacksons democratic political philosophy (what did he believe was role in govt)
The president should have more power
What was the compromise tariff of 1833, what did it accomplish
Would gradually decrease the tariff by 10 percent over the course of eight years, the favorment of the south and Calhoun of the tariff, and for them not to cause a civil war and separate from the union
What was the force bill, how did it make Jackson look
Authorized the president to use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties, less like a common man and go back on his promises
What deeper lying issues did the idea of nullification bring about in the United States
Anxiety about possible federal interference with slavery with the congressional debate on the Missouri compromise and the Denmark vessey slave revolt of 1822
What was the trail of tears
Forced march of Cherokee Indians to the newly established Indian territory (countless Indians, Cherokees, died on this)
How did the Cherokee nation begin to assimilate with the United States, did they fully assimilate or were there certain things that the Cherokees did not do
Adopting a system of settled agriculture and notion of private property, schools were opened by missionaries among them and the Indian sequoyah devised a Cherokee alphabet, in 1808 the Cherokee national council legislated a written legal code, in 1827 adopted a written constitution that provided for executive, legislative, and judicial branches of govt, along with some Cherokees becoming cotton planters who turned to slaveholders, no, kept Cherokee culture aspects through their leaders, language, and they didn’t want to leave because they would have to preserve native culture in the west
What were jacksons views on the national bank, what did he attempt to do with the national bank
Hated it because he believed it was a private institute not accountable to the people but to its moneyed investors, hydra of corruption, did not follow American egalitarian credo, many western farmers were being foreclosed bc they couldn’t pay their debt back, veto the recharter of the bank claiming that it was unconstitutional
What was the importance of Jackson using his veto against the national bank, what further implications if any did this have on future presidents
Increased the power of the presidency, caused them to deal with the the affects of the veto and jacksons actions afterward, which were the economy going through booms and busts and the panic of 1837
Indicate how the alleged corrupt bargain of 1824 and Adams unpopular presidency set the stage for Jackson’s election in 1828
Allowing Henry clay to choose president Adams, and the people didn’t like Adams, and Jackson started campaigning the day Adams was elected, allowing Jackson to become president
How was the economy affected by Jacksons denying of the national bank charter, how are jacksons actions construed, is he democratic or authoritarian, explain using real events
The economy went through huge booms and busts, authoritarian because he forced surplus money from the bank to be placed into his state run pet banks and and he set up and issued the species circular, a decree that required all public lands to be purchased with hard money and both helped lead to the panic of 1837
How was the Whig party formed, what policies did they stand for, what kinds of people were interested in the Whig party
Clay, Webster, and Calhoun joined forces in 1834 to pass a motion stopping Jackson from removing federal deposits from the national bank, they stood for active govt programs and reforms and improvement and building of roads, canals, telegraph lines, prisons, asylums, and schools, ppl who hated Jackson, supporters of clays American system, southern states righters and large Northern industrialists were interested in the Whig party
Explain the similarities and differences between the Whig party and democratic Republican Party
Both grew out of Jeffersonian republicanism and tried to mobilize as many voters as possible for their cause, Whigs believed in natural harmony of society and value of community, were willing to use govt to realize their objectives, wanted renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements, public schools, and moral reforms
Democrats glorified Liberty of the individual and were on guard against the privilege in govt and pushed states rights and federal restraint in social and economic affairs as their basic doctrines
What caused the panic of 1837
Land speculation, Jacksonian finance (species circular and pet banks) and the failure of wheat crops, after this American banks collapsed and folded Americans rioted in nyc bc they didn’t have food, and factories closed
Why did the Mexican govt allow Americans to move to Texas, what conditions did the Americans have to follow in Texas
Only 4000 tejanos lived in Texas, America wanted to move westward badly, it would be easier to let Americans move in under certain circumstances, Americans had to follow the conditions that only 300 settlers could move there, must become Mexican citizens, Roman Catholic, accept Mexican constitution, no slavery
Why did Texans declare their independence from mexican govt
They didn’t agree with/follow the conditions the mex govt set to let them live there, angering mex, who put Stephen Austin in jail and built an army to suppress the Texans. Feared Santa Anna and enforcement of mex law upon them
What were the main battles of the Texas war of independence which battle actually led to independence
Alamo, Goliad massacre, battle at San Jacinto, battle at San jacinto
What was the major issue with the treaty of velasco, what kind of problems could come from this treaty
Claimed by mex to be signed under duress,
Mexico only recognizing border at nuances River, not rio grande, Texas’s independence could lead to issues with annexation
What were the main issues for the annexation of Texas
Many Texans wanted to be part of u.s, northerners against it (they didn’t want another slave state admitted to the union and most settlers and volunteers of Texas rev were southern) southerners for it (to expand slavery and acquire cheap land)
What is the two part system , why is it important
System of govt where two parties run against each other for leadership (each have conflicting ideas), it helps promote the public good of the people
What similarities did the Whigs and democrats have
Grew out of Jeffersonian republicanism and laid claim to some (though different) aspects of Jeffersonian republicanism , tried to mobilize as many voters as possible for their cause
Why was Jefferson a common man
Won popular vote Seen as rough hewn horseman Champion of common man Common ppl protest lost against q Adams Let's common man have public office jobs Hated national bank bc... Encourages banks of state level , pet and wildcat banks
Why wasn’t Jefferson a common man
Pretends to be common man in campaign to get voters
Tried to show Adams as opposite (corrupt aristocrat/will of ppl thrawrted in 1825)
Jacksonians lead a tariff that hurt most common men just to be elected president
Threatened to invade s Carolina and hang nullifies/sends military enforcement there (prepares large invasion army)
Force bill to use army and navy if necessary to collect federal tariffs
Refuses to recognize supreme courts decision that Cherokee tribal council is legal (not under Georgia jurisdiction )
Jackson claims national bank unconstitutional even though McColluch v Maryland says otherwise/believes executive branch is more powerful than legislative and judicial branches
Actions increase power of presidency (all other presidtial vetoes lie in question of constitutionality, vetoed bc he personally believed harmful to nation
Rigs nomination for van buren bc he’s a yes man to him
What were Whig beliefs
National harmony of society and value community
Willing to use govt to realize objectives
Berated leaders whose apleals to self interest fostered conflict among individuals, classes, sections
Democrat beliefs
Glorified Liberty of individual
Fiercely on guard against the inroads of privilege into govt
Whig and democrat beliefs
Mobilize as many voters as possible for their cause
Compromise within themselves to keep from getting too radical
Grew out of Jeffersonian republicanism
Whig public policy
Favored renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements, moral reforms
Favored renewed national bank, protective tariffs, internal improvements, public schools, and moral reforms such as prohibition of liquor and abolition of slavery
Democrats public publicity
Cling to states rights and federal restraints in social and economic affairs as basic doctrines
Whig and democrat public publicity
Mass catch all parties
Whig supporters
More prosperous people
Democrat supporters
Humble folk
Whig and democrat supporters
Demanded loyalties if all kinds of Americans, from all social classes in all sections
