Chapters 3-4 Test Flashcards
Compared with the Plymouth colony, the Massachusetts bay colony was
Larger and more prosperous economically
One reason that the Massachusetts bay colony was not a true democracy is that
Only church members vote for the governor and general court
The essential heresy that caused anne Hutchinson to be convicted and banished from Massachusetts bay was her declared belief that
She had RECIEVED a direct revelation from God that the saved did not need to obey either human or divine law
Roger Williams based the religious freedom of his colony of Rhode Island on his belief that
Civil government has no right to regulate religious behavior or individual conscience
Which of the following New England settlements did not become a separate colony, but remained under the control of Massachusetts
New Hampshire
The Indian tribe that the pilgrim colonists in New England first encountered were the
Wampanoags
King Philips war represented
The last major Indian effort to halt new englanders encroachment on their lands
The primary value of the New England confederation lay in
Providing the first small step on the road to intercolonial cooperation
The event that sparked the collapse of the dominion of New England was
The glorious revolution in England
The Dutch colony of new Netherland
Enjoyed prosperity and peace under the politics of the Dutch West India Company
The short lived colony conquered by Dutch New Netherland in 1655 was
New Sweden
William penns colony in Pennsylvania
Set up the Quaker religion as its tax-supported established church
Besides Pennsylvania , Quakers were also heavily involved in the early settlement of both
New Jersey and Delaware
The middle colonies of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Has more ethnic diversity than either New England or the southern colonies
Sixteenth century religious reform movement begun by martin Luther
Reformation
English Calvinist who sought a through cleansing of the Church of England while remaining officially within that church
Puritan
Radical Calvinists who considered the Church of England so corrupt that they broke with it and formed their own independent churches
Separatist
The shipboard agreement by the pilgrim fathers to establish a body politic and submit to majority rule
Mayflower compact
The name officially applied to the puritans established church in Massachusetts and several other New England colonies
Congregational church
The elite english university where John cotton and many other Puritan leaders of New England had been educated
Cambridge
The two major nonfarming industries of Massachusetts bay
Fishing and shipbuilding
Anne hutchinsons heretical belief that the truly saved need not obey human or divine law
Antinomianism
Common fate or roger williams and anne Hutchinson after they were convicted of heresy in Massachusetts bay
Banishment excommunicated
Vicious war waged by english settlers and their narrangansett Indian allies that virtually annihilated a major Indian tribe in Connecticut
Pequot war
A major pan Indian uprising of 1675-1676 that destroyed many Puritan towns but ultimately represented a major defeat of new England’s Indians
King Philips war
English revolt of 1688-1689 that overthrew the catholic King James 2 and also led to the overthrow of the Dominion of New England in America
Glorious (bloodless) revolution
Vast feudal estates in the rich Hudson River valley that created an aristocratic elite in the new Netherland and New York colony
Patroonships
Collective term for the Pennsylvania statutes that prohibited the theater, cards, dice, and other activities and games immoral
Blue laws
William penns “city of brotherly love” that became the most prosperous and tolerant urban center in England’s North American colonies
Philadelphia
Martin Luther
GERMAN monk who began Protestant reformation
John Calvin
Reformer who’s religious ideas inspired english puritans, scottish Presbyterians, french Huguenots, and Dutch reformed
Massasoit
Wampanoag chieftain who befriended english colonists
Plymouth
Small colony that eventually merged into Massachusetts bay
Massachusetts bay colony
Colony whose government sought to enforce Gods law on believers and nonbelievers alike
John Winthrop
Promoter of Massachusetts bay as a holy “city upon a hill”
Baptists
Dissenting religious group first founded in Rhode Island by roger williams
General court
Representative assembly of Massachusetts bay
Puritans
Dominant religious group in Massachusetts bay
Quakers
Religious group persecuted in Massachusetts and New York but not in Pennsylvania
Anne Hutchinson
Religious dissenter convicted of the heresy of antinomianism
Roger Williams
Radical founder of the most tolerant New England colony
King Philip
Indian leader who waged an unsuccessful war against new England’s white colonists
Peter Stuyvesant
Conquerer of new Sweden who later lost new Netherland to the english
William penn
Founder of the most tolerant and democratic of the middle colonies
Study putting things in order
You got this!
Early Maryland and Virginia settlers had difficulty creating them and even more difficultly making them last
Colonies
The principle economic product of early Maryland and Virginia
Tobacco
Immigrants who recieved passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor
Indentured servants
Maryland and Virginias system of granting land to anyone who would pay transatlantic passage for laborers
Head right system
Laws passed in 1662 that made blacks and their children the lifelong property if their white masters
Slave codes
New England colony that was home to most North American slave traders
Rhode Island
English company that lost its monopoly on the slave trade in 1698
Royal African company
African American language that blended english with yoruba, ibo, and Hausa
Gulla
Site of northern slave revolt of 1712 that led to the deaths of 9 whites and the execution of more than 20 blacks
New York
Shorthand term for the wealthy extended clans like the fitzhughs, lees, and washingtons that dominated politics in the most populous colony
Ffvs (first families of Virginia)
Occupation of assisting in childbirth that was a virtual female monopoly in colonial New England
Midwife
The basic local political institution of New England, in which all freemen gathered to elect officials and debate local affairs
Parliament
Forums law devised by Puritan ministers in 1662 to offer partial church membership to people who had not experienced conversion
Halfway covenant
Late seventeenth century judicial event that inflamed popular feelings, led to the deaths of twenty people, and weakened the Puritan clergys prestige
Salem witch trials
A form of Puritan sermon that scolded parishioners for declining piety and urged repentance and reform
Jeremiad
Chesapeake
Virginia Maryland Bay Area, site of the earliest colonial settlements
Indentured servants
Primary form of labor in early southern colonies until the 1680s
Nathanial bacon
Agitator who led poor farmer indentured servants and frontiersman on a rampage against Indians and colonial govt
William Berkeley
Colonial Virginia official who crushed rebels and wreaked cruel revenge
Royal African company
Organization whose loss of the slave trade monopoly in 1698 led to free enterprise expansion of the business
Middle passage
Term for the brutal slave journey from Africa to the Americas
Ring shout
West African religious right, retained by African Americans, I. Which participants responded to the shouts of a preacher
Stono River
Site of a 1739 South Carolina slave revolt
Gulla
Coastal African American language that blended elements of English with the African languages Yoruba, ibo, and Hausa
New England conscience
The legacy of Puritan religion that inspired idealism and reform among later generations of Americans
Harvard
The oldest college in America, originally based on the Puritan commitment to an educated ministry
William and Mary
The oldest college in the south, founded in 1693
Half-way covenant
Helped erase the earlier Puritan distinction between the converted elect and other members of society
Salem witch trials
Phenomena started by adolescent girls accusations that ended with the deaths of twenty people
Leisler’s rebellion
A bloody New York revolt of 1689-1691 that reflected class antagonism between rich landlords and aspiring merchants
The severe shortage of females in southern colonies caused
Produced large number of unattached males and weak family structure
Poor white males anger at their inability to acquire land or start families
Sparked bacons rebellion
Planters fears of indentured servants rebellion, coupled with rising wages in England caused
Caused southern planters to switch from indentured servant labor to African slavery
The dramatic increase in colonial slave population after 1680s
Inspired passage of strict slave codes
The growing proportion of female slaves in the Chesapeake region after 1720
Fostered stronger slave families and growth of slave population through natural reproduction of children
New englanders introduction of livestock and intensive agriculture
Reduced forests and damaged the soil
The healthier climate and more equal male-female ratio in New England
Produced high birth rates and a very stable family structure
The decline of religious devotion and in a number of conversions in New England
Inspired the half way covenant and jeremiad preaching
Unsettled New England Social conditions and anxieties about the decline of the Puritan religious heritage
Underlay the Salem witchcraft persecutions
The rocky soil and harsh climate of New England
Thwarted success in agriculture but helped create the tough New England character
The principal motivation shaping the earliest settlements in New England was
Religious commitment and devotion
