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The Executive Branch Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Who creates policy in the executive staff?

A

White House staff and executive offices of president

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2
Q

What’s the White House staff

A

Personal staff in White House

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3
Q

What are the executive offices of the president (where are they)

A

EOP

Next door

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4
Q

Who implements policy, also (broadly)

A

Executive depts and indep executive agencies

Bureaucracy

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5
Q

Executive depts are - level

A

Cabinet

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6
Q

Rule of propinquity

A

Degree of influence with the president of person is approx to the distance of persons office/desk from that of pres

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7
Q

Chief of staff is usually most

A

Influential

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8
Q

First Lady concerns herself with

A

Single issue

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9
Q

White House staff is hired and fired by

A

The president

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10
Q

Who is most loyal and influential of executive staff

A

White House staff

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11
Q

Executive offices of the president are appointed by

A

The president

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12
Q

Only heads of the - are fired by the president

A

EOP

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13
Q

3 main agencies of EOP

A

National economic counsel (NEC), office of management and budget (OMB), national security counsel (NSC)

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14
Q
  • appoints independent agencies and commissions officers
A

President

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15
Q
  • confirms independent agencies and commissions
A

Senate

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16
Q

The president can’t fire members of - because they have –.

A

Independent agencies and commissions, fixed terms

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17
Q

Cabinet and exec depts are the - cabinet

A

Inner

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18
Q

The president appoints officers from -, -, and -.

A

EOP, independent agencies and commissions, and cabinet and executive depts

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19
Q

Pres only fires heads of - and -

A

Cabinet and exec depts, EOP

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20
Q

What does cab. And exec dept do?

A

Implement laws

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21
Q

There are - depts

A

15

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22
Q

Senate confirms -, -, and -

A

Cab and exec depts, EOP, and indep agencies and commissions

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23
Q

Cons of pyramid model (3)

A

Little discussion of different points of view, pres may become isolated, key advisors may gain too much power

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24
Q

I’m pyramid model, - is gatekeeper of info and policy

A

Chief of staff

Deputy of chief of staff

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25
Q

Pros of circular model (3)

A

Deliberation and debate between staff
Allows pres to hear all POV
Allows pres detailed info

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26
Q

Cons of circular model (3)

A

May lead to chaos and confusion
May lead to ineffectual decisions
May waste pres time

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27
Q

Formal requirements of pres

A

Natural born citizen, 35 years old, resident for 14 years

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28
Q

Formal powers of the pres, national security (4)

A
  1. Serve as commander and chief of armed forces
  2. Make treaties with other nations, subject to agreement of 2/3 of senate
  3. Nominate ambassadors, with agreement of majority of the senate
  4. Receive ambassadors of other nations, thereby conferring diplomatic recognition on other govts
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29
Q

Formal pres legislative powers of pres

A
  1. Present information on state of the Union to congress
  2. Recommend legislation to congress
  3. Convene both houses of congress on extraordinary occasions
  4. Adjourn congress if the house and senate cannot agree on adjournment
  5. Veto legislation (Congress may overrule with 2/3 vote of each house)
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30
Q

Formal administrative powers (4)

A
  1. “Take care that laws be faithfully executed”
  2. Nominate officials as provided for by congress and with the agreement of a majority of the senate
  3. Request written opinions of administrative officials
  4. Fill administrative vacancies during congressional recesses
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31
Q

Formal judicial powers of pres (2)

A
  1. Grant reprieves and pardons for federal offices (except impeachment)
  2. Nominate federal judges, who are confirmed by a majority of the senate
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32
Q

Pres advantage over congress comes from his formal powers of

A

National security (foreign policy), strength

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33
Q

In impeachment process, first - committee debates charges, - of - votes on any article constitutes impeachment on that charge, - opens trial and - members prosecute (managers) - presides in presidential impeachments, if - of - votes to convict, the official is removed from office

A

House judiciary committee, house simple majority, senate, house, Chief Justice presides, 2/3 of senate

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34
Q

Most important White House staff positions (4)

A
  1. Chief of staff
  2. Presidential counsel
  3. Assistant to the president
  4. Press secretary
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35
Q

Presidential counsel

A

Chief legal advisor to the pres

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36
Q

Assistant to pres

A

Generally in charge of scheduling of the pres time

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37
Q

Press secretary

A

Mouthpiece of pres, handles daily briefings with pres pres Corp, chief spin doctor of the president

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38
Q

Where are most EOP located

A

Next door to White House in the executive office building

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39
Q

EOP are more dedicated to - than -

A

Their departments than the pres

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40
Q

National security counsel policy areas

A

Foreign policy and defense (pres crisis team)

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41
Q

NSC key members

A

Pres, vp, sec of state, sec of defense, national security advisor (head of NSC)

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42
Q

National economic counsel (NEC) policy areas

A

Economic planning and Econ forecasting

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43
Q

Office of management and budget (OMB) do 4 things…

A
  1. Prepare the federal budget
  2. Monitor govt agency spending of appropriations
  3. Monitors budget and records of all exec agencies
  4. Largest # of employees in EOP (600)
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44
Q

Vp has 4 constitutionally outlined duties

A
  1. President of senate (presiding officer)
  2. Vote in senate ties
  3. Help in deciding presidential disability(25 amendment)
  4. Succeed the pres upon death or disability (22 amendment)
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45
Q

Vp often-, but rarely

A

Runs for pres afterwards, wins

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46
Q

Cabinet is referred to as - of their depts, except for the -( who leads the -)

A

Secretaries, attorney general, dept of justice

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47
Q

The executive depts are each led by

A

A cabinet officer

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48
Q

The executive depts are each in charge of

A

Assisting pres with implement and administration the laws and policies charged to their depts (faithfully executing the law)

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49
Q

Executive depts were created by -, formal or informal?

A

Congress, informal

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50
Q

The inner cabinet is

A

The original 4 exec depts created during Washington’s administration

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51
Q

Inner cabinet consists of… Considered….

A

Leaders of state, defense (originally war dept), Justice, and treasury

Most influential depts and secretaries

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52
Q

Independent agencies and commissions (3)

A
  1. Aren’t directly controlled by the pres
  2. Operate indep of the pres as prescribed by law
  3. Are not under as much control by pres as other parts of the exec branch
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53
Q

Indep agency heads have - terms. What does this mean?

A

Fixed terms, only appointed by pres and confirmed by senate as their terms expire

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54
Q

Indep agency heads can only be fired…

A

For “cause”

Nonperformance of duties, nonpolitical reasons

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55
Q

Examples of independent agencies and commissions (6)

A
  1. FED (federal reserve board)
  2. FCC (federal communications commission)
  3. FEC (federal elections commission)
  4. FDIC (federal deposit insurance corporation)
  5. ICC (interstate commerce commission)
  6. SEC (securities and exchange commission)
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56
Q

12 amendment

A

Changed the way VP was elected (separate ballots for vp and pres)

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57
Q

22 amendment

A

2 term limit to pres or a maximum of 10 years

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58
Q

25 amendment (3)

A

Vp permanently succeed pres if he was unable to perform duties
Established a procedure for selecting a new vp if a vacancy occurs (pres appoints, confirmed by a majority of congress)
Established procedures to follow when pres is disabled

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59
Q

The vp becomes pres if (2)

A
  1. The pres informs congress, in writing, “that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office”
  2. The vp and a majority of members in the cabinet inform congress, in writing, that the president is incapacitated
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60
Q

If pres challenges that he is incapable, - decides the issue by a - vote of -

A

Congress, 2/3, both houses

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61
Q

When pres is declared unable to be pres (what amendment), there’s also a procedure for the pres to

A

Reclaim his office

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62
Q

The presidential succession act of 1947

A

Established order of succession for office of pres

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63
Q

Order of pres succession (4)

A
  1. Vp
  2. Speaker of the house
  3. President pro tempore
  4. The cabinet officers in order of depts first est by congress beginning with Secretary of State
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64
Q

Why did framers fear a powerful president?

A

Feared monarchy, didn’t have one in articles of confederation

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65
Q

More checks on what branch than any other?

A

Executive

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66
Q

Pres formal const powers are (strong or weak)

A

Weak

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67
Q
  • was most powerful branch until -. What event?
A

Congress, 1930s, Great Depression

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68
Q

Scholars preferred strong pres in what decades?

A

1950s and 1960s

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69
Q

When did ppl stop wanting strong pres? What event?

A

1970s

Abuses of Nixon and Watergate

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70
Q

What do scholars believe makes the pres a strong leader? Ability to…not…depends on…

A

Persuade, command, individual characteristics

71
Q

We say we like -, but distrust -. What views?

A

Strong leaders (rugged individualism), the power needed for strong leadership (democracy)

72
Q

What’s a coalition shift

A

1 era of dominance shifts to another party, usually caused by national crisis and critical election

73
Q

Reasons for historical growth of presidential power? (5)

A
  1. National crisis
  2. Increasing social, political, and economic complexity (technology, us as a world power, complex economy)
  3. Rise of federal power (federalism)
  4. Rise of mass media
  5. Rise in importance of foreign policy
74
Q

Presidents who come to power right after - have the most favorable environment for exerting strong presidential leadership

A

Critical elections

75
Q

People and congress tend to support president in times of - and allow

A

Crisis, growth of power

76
Q

By expanding role of -, congress has increased - power as well

A

Federal govt, presidential power

77
Q

How does industrialism mane national govt more powerful?

A

Interstate and international organizations, govt can regulate more business, less private owned

78
Q

Globalization

A

Foreign policy where pres has more power

79
Q

3 major roles of pres

A
  1. Chief executive/administrator
  2. Chief legislator
  3. World leader
80
Q

Chief executive/administrator also known as

A

Chief crisis manager

81
Q

As chief exec/admin the pres

A

Leads and manages US govt and foreign policy in crisis

82
Q

As chief leg, pres

A

Leader in moving agenda for his party and his own legacy

83
Q

As world leader, pres is

A

Main foreign policy leader of US

84
Q

Other term for pres as world leader

A

Chief diplomat

85
Q

Whet art of const makes pres nations chiffon executive

A

Article 2

86
Q

As chief exec, pres is in charge of

A

Policy implementation

87
Q

Chief exec includes what const powers?

A

Administrator powers

88
Q

Appointment powers
As newly elected pres, he can appoint (4)

And how are the fired?

A
  1. Ambassadors and diplomats
  2. Cabinet members and top aides
  3. Top officials of the executive office of pres (NSC, OMB,NEC)
  4. All White House staff

At will of pres

89
Q

As terms expire, pres can appoint (appointment powers) (3)

A
  1. Heads of independent agencies
  2. Federal judges, attorneys (Justice dept), and US marshalls (Justice dept)
  3. Exec officers in the armed forces
90
Q

Formal rule about recess appointments

Limits

A

President can fill vacancies without senate approval if congress is recessed

Must be approved during the next session or vacated
(Bc of 2013 court case) appointment must be made during annual recess and vacancy must arrive during the recess

91
Q

Most all exec employees are - and must be fired through the - for - only

A

Civil service, civil service, for cause

92
Q

Pres can fire at will… (2)

A
  1. Those he hired as a new president

2. White House staff (approx 3000)

93
Q

Who are the hardest appointed officials to fire

A

Leaders of indep agencies

94
Q

Which court case did Supreme Court say senate can’t mess with pres when he fires

A

Meyers v US

95
Q

3 main powers used by pres as chief exec

Each one formal or informal?

A
  1. Power to appoint exec officers (hire and fire) formal
  2. Power to issue exec orders:informal
  3. Power of exec priv :informal
96
Q

Executive orders must be published in the… What is it?

A

Federal registrar (a daily publication of US govt)

97
Q

Executive privilege

A

Right of pres to keep private communications between himself and his principle advisors confidential

98
Q

Exec privilege based on 2 principles

A
  1. Separation of powers
  2. Private discussions kept private from press and public reaction so pres can ensure advisors will give pres honest and open thoughts
99
Q

US v Nixon (1973), watergate

A

No presidential privilege of immunity from judicial process especially involving criminal charge against pres

100
Q

Nixon v Fitzgerald (1982)

A

Executive priv does apply to pres in civil cases, pres cannot be sued in civil cases

101
Q

Clinton v jones (1997)

A

Executive priv does not apply to lawsuits (civil case) for actions that did NOT involve official duties

102
Q

Roles and strategies of president as chief legislator (4)

A
  1. Chief party leader
  2. Constitutional powers in legislation
  3. Rallying public support
  4. Legislative skills
103
Q

What are the presidents constitutional powers in legislation (4)

A
  1. Veto power
  2. State of the Union message (good at agenda setting)
  3. Convening special sessions (rarely used today)
  4. Propose legislation
104
Q

Who had highest use of exec orders

A

FDR

105
Q

Party support for pres programs (of same party) - of the time

A

2/3

106
Q

Reasons for lack of full party support (4)

A
  1. Lack of policy consensus (too much diversity) among party members
  2. Conflict between constituency views and presidents view on policy
  3. Recent decentralization of party power
  4. Midterm slump
107
Q

Why is there decentralization of party power?

A

Candidate centered elections
Diminishing presidential coattail effect (idea that popular pres will help cong candidates who support his policies to get elected)

108
Q

1 way of pres in moving legislation

A

Rallying public support

109
Q

Most effective tool of president in rallying support for his programs

(How many)

A

Creating media events

1 per week

110
Q

What’s bully pulpit

A

Making speeches and using media attention to be heard

All major networks cover presidential speeches

111
Q

Who does pres work with to move legislation

A

Legislative leaders

112
Q

Presidents tools to move legislation (2)

A
  1. Bargaining with enough members to build majority (happens less than you think)
  2. Agenda setting
113
Q

Major legislative problems for presidents (4)

A
  1. Popularity slips after honeymoon, longer he is in office, lower popularity ratings slip
  2. Lame-Duck period
  3. Periods of divided govt that produce gridlock
  4. Party polarization
114
Q

What causes rapid popularity declines (3)

A
  1. Scandal
  2. Economic problems
  3. Foreign policy problems
115
Q

In the area of -, the president is given more const powers and more deference by Congress than any other area

A

National security

116
Q

Formal congressional checks on exec national security branch (7)

How many votes?

Also known as checks on - powers

A
  1. Power to declare war (majority vote)
  2. Power to approve treaties (senate 2/3 vote)
  3. Power to raise and support armed forces
  4. Approve pres appointments of ambassadors (senate majority)
  5. Power to make laws governing land and naval forces
  6. Provide for summoning state militias
  7. Provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militias and governing them when in the service of union

Commander and chief powers

117
Q

3 times pres popularity rises

A
  1. Honeymoon period
  2. Crisis
  3. Beginning of second term (not quite as high as honeymoon period), reelection
118
Q

Commander and chief

A

Lead military general

Complete control of armed forces

119
Q

Chief of state

A

Means he is he ceremonial head of the government of US, the symbol of the ppl of the nation

120
Q

Chief diplomat

A

Foreign policy leader

121
Q

Chief crisis manager

Who does he usually work with during crisis?

A

Foreign affairs crisis

National security counsel

122
Q

Commander and chief powers are more - today than any other time

Presidents have historically exercised - authority in this role than any other

A

Extensive

More

123
Q

War powers resolution provisions

A

Must report within 48 hours of deploying troops

Removal of troops after 60 days unless house has declared war or congress has granted an authorization for use of force

124
Q

Congress can withdraw troops at any time by a - (which cannot be -). Congress has -. Congress can remove troops by - (-).

A

Joint resolution, vetoed, always approved, not funding them (power of the purse)

125
Q

Chief officer of the NEC is the

A

National security advisor

126
Q

Largest dept in number

A

Dept of defense

127
Q

Pres has most control over

A

Education and state (bc he gets to appoint more ppl)

128
Q

All parts of bureaucracy can be policy creators through

A

Ability to make rules

129
Q

Recess appointments

Formal or informal?

Limits?

A

Pres can make appointments while cong is in recess without senate approval

Limits:
Appointments “vacated” if not approved by senate during next session (1yr)
Recess has to be longer than 10 days (2014 ruling)

130
Q

Pocket veto

A

If congress recesses during 10 days pres has to decide, and pres doesn’t sign bill

131
Q

Veto override

A

2/3 vote in both houses

132
Q

What case ruled line item veto unconstitutional, why?

A

Clinton v New York

Violates separation of powers

133
Q
  • is more powerful weapon than veto
A

Threat of veto

134
Q

Impoundment

A

Refusal to spend appropriations authorized by congress

135
Q

What act outlawed impoundment

A

Budget reform and impoundment act of 1974

136
Q

What’s budget proposal power, what act est it, what office is accountable

A

Exec branch spends money and pres is leader, budget and accounting act 1921, EOP Office of Management and Budget

137
Q

What’s signing statements

A

Pres makes statement when signing bill that tells how he thinks bill should be interpreted and put into place, sometimes used to modify meaning/intent of laws

138
Q

Entitlement spending is - percent of budget

A

65%

139
Q

Whet fraction of discretionary spending is military spending, whet percent

A

3/5s, 20%

140
Q

3 largest entitlement programs

A
  1. Social security
  2. Medicare
  3. Medicaid
141
Q

When does fiscal year begin?

A

Feb

142
Q

What is fiscal year

A

Oct-sept

143
Q

Which executive office agency helps president make budget

A

OMB

144
Q

Which Congressional Staff Agency helps congress with budget?

A

CBO

145
Q

Who passes budget resolution

A

Budget committee

146
Q

After budget resolution…

A

Appropriations committees figure out how they will spend their assigned portion

147
Q

Omnibus bill

A

1 large bill voted on the floor as one vote that all appropriations committees bills are in if they aren’t completed by August

148
Q

Who creates reconciled version of budget to be approved by both houses

A

Conference committee

149
Q

Pres can - or - reconciled bill, probably won’t - if budget is late

A

Veto, sign, veto

150
Q

Continuing resolution

A

Passed by cong if budget isn’t approved by beginning of fiscal year, allows fed spending to cont at previous levels)

151
Q

Bureaucracy, formal or informal

A

Informal

152
Q

Webers 6 elements of bureaucracy

A
  1. Hiearchial authority
  2. Task specialization
  3. Clear goals
  4. Extensive rules
  5. The merit principle
  6. Impersonality
153
Q

Who supervises bureaucracy

A

Congress and president

154
Q

Functions of bureaucracy (4)

A
  1. National maintenance (carry out necessary functions of national govt orig four depts)
  2. Clientele services
  3. Regulation of private sector (now includes regulating economy, regulatory agencies like food and drug admin, regulating society with organizations such as OSHA)
155
Q

What are the two divisions of executive staff?

A

Policy creation and policy implementation

156
Q

Which law est merit system

A

Pendleton act

157
Q

Hatch act

A

Forbid civil service employees from engaging in political party activities, has been softened bc of 1st amendment free speech violation to allow all activities except running for office

158
Q

Civil service reform act of 1978

A

Reorganized agencies that oversee civil service in order to eliminate previous conflicts of interest

159
Q

Who oversees hiring of civil service

A

Office of personnel management

160
Q

Who oversees employee challenges to hiring, firing, and promotion

A

Merit systems protection board

161
Q

4 types of federal bureaucratic agencies

A
  1. Executive depts
  2. Independent regulatory commission
  3. Government corporation
  4. Independent (executive) agencies
162
Q

Quasi legislative

A

Right to make rules and regulations having force of law

163
Q

Quasi judicial

A

Right to hold hearings on and conduct investigations into disputed claims and alleged infractions of rules and regulations and to make decisions in the general manner of courts

164
Q

Largest single bureaucratic agency

A

USPS

165
Q

Which law est merit system

A

Pendleton act

166
Q

Hatch act

A

Forbid civil service employees from engaging in political party activities, has been softened bc of 1st amendment free speech violation to allow all activities except running for office

167
Q

Civil service reform act of 1978

A

Reorganized agencies that oversee civil service in order to eliminate previous conflicts of interest

168
Q

Who oversees hiring of civil service

A

Office of personnel management

169
Q

Who oversees employee challenges to hiring, firing, and promotion

A

Merit systems protection board

170
Q

4 types of federal bureaucratic agencies

A
  1. Executive depts
  2. Independent regulatory commission
  3. Government corporation
  4. Independent (executive) agencies
171
Q

Quasi legislative

A

Right to make rules and regulations having force of law

172
Q

Quasi judicial

A

Right to hold hearings on and conduct investigations into disputed claims and alleged infractions of rules and regulations and to make decisions in the general manner of courts

173
Q

Largest single bureaucratic agency

A

USPS

History (29 decks)

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