Imperialism Test Flashcards
Definitions of: imperialism , social Darwinism, white mans burden, christianization, indirect control, direct control, assimilation, colony, protectorate, sphere of influence, economic imperialism, Berlin conference, Mandingo empire, Mughal empire, maharajahs, seven years war, east India company, sepoys, the raj, unequal treaties, open door policy, banana republic, caudillos, yellow journalism, Monroe doctrine, intervention, roosevelt corollary,
Imperialism- the social, political, and economic domination of a weaker region, nation, or kingdom by a stronger nation
Social Darwinism- claimed that wealthy are strong and have the right to rule the poor who are weak
White mans burden- idea superior western culture must be forced upon the barbaric, inferior races of the world in order to help the world progress
Christianization- spread of Christianity to regions
Indirect control- native govt officials used, limited self rule, govt institutions are based on european styles but may have local rules, children of ruling class educated in Europe, used by Britain, puppet rulers
Direct control- foreign officials brought to rule, no self rule, assimilation goal, govt institutions are based only on european styles
Assimulation- absorption of one culture to another
Colony- country or territory governed internally by a foreign power
Protectorate- a country or territory with its own internal govt but under control of outside power
Sphere of influence- region within a nation in which an outside nation is given total economic control, but not complete political control by “unequal treaties”
Economic imperialism - independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other govts
Mandingo empire- west African empire that fought off french conquest for 6 years
Seven years war- Brit and Prussia. Vs France and Austria in the mid 1700s (french Indian war in America)
Unequal treaties- treaties forced upon China and Japan that granted Europeans spheres of influence
Open door policy- us govt did not recognize spheres of influences and all of China should be open for all trade
Banana republic- Latin American nations under business control, often fruit companies
Caudillos- military dictatorship
Yellow journalism- push one point of view, downplays legitimate news for headlines
Monroe doctrine- us can act militarily against any euro nation that interfered with Western Hemisphere nations or attempt at further euro expansion
Intervention- military interference in the domestic concerns of a nation by a foreign nation
Identify the role of important people studied in the unit
- Herbert Spencer- developed Social Darwinism
- Rudyard Kipling- coined “white mans burden”
- Bismarck - called Berlin Conference
- Samori Toure- leader of Mandingo Empire who fought French conquest for 6 years
- Shaka- leader of Zulu empire (held out against Dutch and brits
- Emperor Meiji- 1st emperor of Japanese empire
- Roosevelt - roosevelt corollary (gave us the right to intervene in any Western Hemisphere nation to preserve order in that nation. Built Panama Canal .
Main causes for western imperialism in late 1800s
Industrialization (created demand for raw materials), nationalism ( euro nations want to demonstrate power), balance of power ( nations forced to squire new colonies achieve a balance with competitors), white mans burden,
Compare and contrast old colonization with new imperialism
Colonization Earlier Apart from Brit, colonies controlled directly Mass migration of european colonists Natives not part of colonial society Colonies is new world Mainly spain, Brit, France, Dutch
Imperialism Later Colonies controlled indirectly through military support of local puppet leaders or business control of Economy (except Africa) Less settlement by Europeans Colonies mainly in Asia, Africa, pacific Mainly Brit, Germany, us, France, Japan
Same
Mainly economic reasons
Colonies sources of raw materials and markets for finished goods,
Mostly military control over region
Examples of types of imperialism
Colony- much of Africa, South Asia, most of southwest Asia
Protectorate- Britain
Sphere of influence- european nations- China
Economic imperialism - us- Carib. Islands, Hawaii
Brit. - Carib. Islands
European colonization in Africa before and after 1850
Before
Missionaries find out new info.
Resources ( gold, copper, diamomds, ivory, fertile lands,)
It’s people over 700 ethnic groups, wealthy African empires, trade networks throughout Africa
After
Euro controlled all aspects of life within colonies
Exploitation
Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia,China, Japan, Latin America , level of imperialism, major imperial nations, role of natives in imperialism
Africa
Colony (direct)
Belgium, Britain, France, Dutch
Natives exploited and treated poorly, no citizenship, no representation in govt, no political rights, little better than slaves (black)
South Asia
Protectorate
Britain
Opposes Brit rule (education, money went to Brit, transportation paid by them, nationalism)
Southeast Asia Dutch -colony France - colony Britain- protectorate Us- territory
China
Sphere of influence
Britain, us (open door policy), France, Germany, Russia, Japan, Portugal
People against western influence
Japan
Sphere of influence
U.S
Natives industrialized
Latin America
Indirect control , economic imperialism
Britain. And U.S.
Undeveloped resources
Regions / nations/ territories that were part of british, French, us, japanese, empires
British- Africa, India, China, Latin America
French- Africa, China, Southeast Asia (indochina) Thailand
Japanese- Korea, Asia
Causes and results of wars (Bohr, seven years, sepoy, opium, Spanish american)
Bohr
Cause by dicovery of gold and diamonds in Bohr held areas of s Africa , between Bohr Trekkers and Brit. Army, peace treaty, bushes defeated, Brit gains all s Africa, Dutch self govt (dominion) of Brit.
Seven years
Brit. Gets sole control over trade in India ,2/3
Sepoy
Brit, takes direct control of east India company lands, Victoria empress of India
Opium
Cause - Brit merchants smuggle opium into China
Results- China defeated, China weak against euro, unequal treaties (to get through China’s markets)
Spanish american
Causes- us help Cubans and Puerto Rico get independence from Spain , us imperial empire, protection of us business inter in Cuba
Results- spain defeated, Cuba gains indep., us increases business influence over Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines become territories
Importance of construction of Panama Canal to US
Helped with trade and to move navy quickly to and from pacific, owned until 1980
