Unit 3.4 Flashcards
The cranial meninges
Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
Functions of the cranial meninges
Provide a barrier between the brain tissue and the cranial vault
Provides protect protection of brain tissue by maintaining position of the brain within the cranial volt
Envelopes and protects the blood vessel, supplying the brain
Contains and circulates cerebral spinal fluid
Within the cranial vault, there are three protective coverings of the brain which are superficial to deep
Dura mater
Arachonoid mater
Pia mater
Dura mater translates to
Is the meninx
Directly adhered
Composed of
Tough mother
External most
Bones of the cranial vault
Two layers of dense, irregular, connective tissue
Arachnoid mater translates to
Is the meninx
Skins the surface of
Composed of
Small spiderweb leg extensions exit between
Spider like mother
Middle
Gryi (convolutions raised areas) bridges the sulci (depressions between the convolutions)
Collagen and elastin fiber
Arachnoid mater and the underlying Pia mater
The Dura Mater folds up upon itself to create invaginations of
Dural folds are strategically placed to protect
Venus channels termed Dura Venus sinuses are located
The dural Venous, sinuses drain blood from the
Dural tissue
Underlying neurological tissues
Between dural folds
Bone meningeal and neurological tissues
The dural Venice, sinuses drain largely
Venice, sinuses meet at
From the confluence there are
The bilateral sigmoidal sinuses course toward the
Posterior and inferior toward the occipital bone
Confluence of sinuses
Bilateral transversal sinuses leading to sigmoid dural sinuses
Jugular foreman and exit the wall as the internal jugular veins
Falx cerbri translates to
Is the
Is the dural fold?
Lies between
Contains
Sickle of the cerebrum
Sickle shaped membrane of the cerebrum brain
Largest
The right and left cerebral hemispheres
Superior and inferior sagittal dural venous sinuses
Falx cerebelli translates to
Separates right and left
Contains
Sickle of the cerebellum
Cerebellar hemispheres
Confluent dull Venus sinuses at the transect with the tentorum cerebelli
Tentorum cerebelli translates to
Separates
Contains the
Tents the cerebellum
Cerebellum from the cerebral cortex
Transverse Venous sinus
Diaphragm sellae translates to
Seals the
Has a small aperture that transmits
The pituitary gland is protected by the
Roof of the saddle
Superior surface of the sella turcica
The stock of the pituitary gland
By the bony sella turcica and held in place by the diaphragm sellae
Cranial spaces are found
Referred to as real space is when
Referred to as potential space is when
Surrounding the meninges
They normally contain something (CSF)
When they are devoid of contents
Epidural space is located
A fracture of the skull or tearing of the outermost dural meninx can cause
As dura mater is adhere to the bone epidermal space is a
If this type of insult occurs the epidural space has now become a
Above the dura
Fluid/blood to fill the space
Potential space
Real space
Subdural space is located
Normally has nothing in it and is a
Can become a real space when
Below the Dura Mater in above the arachnoid Mater
Potential space
When blood or CSF pools in this space
Subarchanoid space is located
Normally contains
Is a _ space
Below the archanoid mater, and above the pia mater
CSS the act to bathe the cells
Real
Externally, the brain has two primary areas which are
The cerebral cortex and the brain stem
The brain stem is located
Can be superficially seen on the
Deeper and located on the sagittal plane
Ventral surface and in some lateral views
Gryi are external surfaces of the
Gyrus refers to
Cerebral cortex
Individual convolution
The precentral gyrus is also known as the
Neurons on the surface of this gyrus are also known as
This area has been mapped out as the
Homunculus is used clinically for diagnosis and for treatment, including during
Primary motor cortex
Somatic motor neurons
Little man, HOMUNCULUS
Neurosurgery
The post central gyrus is also known as
Neurons on their surface of this gyrus are
Neurons of the post central gyrus send association fibers to the
The homunculus is used clinically for diagnosis and for treatments including during
Primary sensory cortex
Sensory neurons that have received filtered information from the thalamus
Precentral gyrus initiate activity of motor neurons in response to sensory information
Neurosurgery
Sulci are
Refers to
The central sulcus is located
The central is easy to identify because
Fissures are
Fissures are found between
Depressions found between gyri on the surface of the brain
Depression between two specific gyri
The gyri on either side or more ventricle than the other gyri
Deeper depressions between cortical areas
The cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres in between the perineal and temporal lobes
External features
Gyri, sulci, fissures, lobes
There are three primary fissures, which are
Sagittal, lateral, transverse
Sagittarius fissure (longitudinal) is found in the
Contains
Sagittal plane between right and left cerebral hemispheres
Falx cerebrii, dural sagittal sinuses, and the corpus callosim creates the floor of the fissure
Lateral fissure is found on the
Contains
Lateral surface of the cortex between perineal and temporal lobes
Insula- deep 5th lobe of brain
Transverse fissure is located
Contains
Posterior and transverse between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum
Tentorum cerebelli, dural transverse sinus, confluence of sinuses, superior origins of the Falx cerebelli
Lobes of the brain are
Frontal, period, temporal, occipital,insula
The frontal lobe is the
Is associated with
Largest lobe of the brain
Cognitive functions which include voluntary motor, verbal reasoning, decision-making, and planning/critical reasoning, skills, concentration, personality
Period lobe is associated with
General sensory functions which are tactile sensations and evolution of shape and texture
Temporal lobe is associated with
Special sensory functions which include audition (hearing) and olfaction (smell)
The occipital lobe is associated with
Visual/sight functions which include assessing visual information and visual memory
The insula is found
It is the cortical tissue on the
Is associated with
Within the lateral fissure
Lateral surface of the oval shaped thalamus
Taste and emotions and empathy
