Unit 3.11 Flashcards
Special senses are anatomically confined _ to the and include senses that have anatomically __
Special senses are the senses of
Region of the head
Complex organs
Taste, smell, sight, sound, balance
Taste (gustatory sense)
The organs that are associated with taste include the
The taste buds of the tongue are gustatory ciliated cells that are actually
There are four types of capillary like taste buds, which are
Sense of olfaction
Chemoreceptors
Filiform- filament form - anterior 2-3 of tongue, not true taste but
Fungi form- muschroom form, predominant apex and sides
Vallate- valley form, create v at central posterior tongue
Foliate- leaf form, predominant posterior and lateral tongue
Gustatory cells cluster to form a
Cells are tapered and present, microvilli through the boards that open on the
As food is mixed and broken down by saliva, chemical signals or transmitted to the brain through the
Rounds taste pore at the surface of the tongue
Surface of the tongue
Facial nerve and glossy pharyngeal nerve
There are five basic taste perceptions, which are
Tastes a _ complex signal from all five modalities
The modalities are _ localized as one thought to a discreet tongue
Go to neurons project to the medulla and onto the
Gustatory cells are replaced every
Bitter, sweet, sour, salt, umami
Chemical
Not
Thalamus
7-10 days
Olfactory epithelium of the interior surface of the _ plate of the ethmoid and of the super nasal concha contain special
Old factory neurons are _ neurons
Cribriform
Olfactory receptors
Bipolar
Knob like heads of the old factory neurons are covered with _ that are in contact with the mucus lining the old factory epithelium
Old factory hairs are specialized with _ that bind specific molecules
Airborne molecules, permeate or dissolved in the mucus and smells are detected by
Unmyelinated extensions
Protein
Stimulation of binding sites
The old factory bulbs, project to the _ lobe of the cortex in may later project to the
Oh factory, neurons are replaced every
Primary olfactory cortex in the temporal
Thalamus
40-60 days
What is the significance of gustatory and olfactory neuron lifespan?
Acidic, environments of mouth and nose, decrease lifespan of cells
Site is protected by many _ of the eye
Accessory structures include
Accessory structures
Eyebrows, lids and lashes, the orbital Lamo gland, numerous Sebas glands that line the interior of the eyelid, celery, sweat, glands of the lacrimal caruncle and goblet of the conjunctive
The conjunctiva is a continuous sheet of stratified squamous epithelium that extends from the
The conjunctival fornix is where the conjunctiva blends back upon itself as it transits from
Internal surface of the eyelid, (palpebra portion) to the external and anterior eye (ocular conjunctiva)
Palpebral to ocular conjunctiva
The eyes is comprised of three layers, which are
outer fibers tunic, the middle, vascular tunic, and the inner retina
The fibrous tunic is transparent and a vascular anterior, and is referred to as the
The posterior portion appears white and is comprised of
The posterior portion is the bulk of the eye is termed the
Cornea
Dense regular connective tissue
Sclera
The middle vascular tunic has three discrete regions, which are
The essential pigmented area of the eye
The central dark portion of the eye light enters the eye
Contains pigment cells, celery, muscle, and has neurovascular supply
Controls the diameter of the people and is continuous with the celery body
The iris, ciliary bodies, and choroid
The iris
Pupil
Iris
Iris
The cillary bodies are located
Celery bodies are bands of smooth muscle covered internally by
The papillary light response is controlled by the
The celery bodies are attached to the lens by
Ligaments and bodies act together to change the shape of the
Posterior to the iris and anterior to the choroid
Epithelium
ANS in specifically the ocular motor nerve
Suspensory ligament
Shape of the lens and angle of the light that reaches the retina
The choroid is located
It contains pigment cells that produce
This absorbs access light raise increasing clarity of the visual image
Posterior highly vascular region of the vascular tunic that nourishes the retina
Melanin
Melanin
The internal tunic, retina, is comprised of two layers, which are
Act to support the neural layer by delivering metabolites and removing waste is the
Absorbs access light is the
Contain special photo receptor cells that convert light waves into neural impulses and transmits this information to the brain is the
A pigmented layer adjacent to the choroid and an innermost neural layer
Pigmented layer
Pigmented layer
Neural layer
Rods function in low light and critical for detecting
Rods are much more numerous than cones in our largely on the
Cones function and bright light and provide
Cones are more centrally placed in concentrated at the
Optic disc is a thickened area at the back of the retinal field that is comprised of
Shape
Periphery of the retinal field
High visual, acuity, and color vision
Fovea centralis
Neural axons, passing out the eye to form the optic nerve. This is also known as the blind spot.
The lens is a transparent oval shaped structure bound by
The lens can deform and change shape to
That I can be divided into two cavities, which are
A dense and fibrous yet elastic capsule
Concentrate and focus light on the retina
anterior and posterior chambers
The anterior cavity is located
The anterior cavity contains
Removes waste and balances the chemical environment of the chambers is
Posterior to the cornea and anterior to the length specifically, also to the retina
A fluid derived from blood plasma (aqueous humor)
Aqueous humor
The posterior cavity is located
Posture cavity contains a gelatinous vitreous humor that acts to support the
Posterior to the lens and bound in all directions by the retina
Retina and maintain the shape of the eye
The year has three anatomical regions, which are
External, middle, inner ear
The external ear is termed the _ and is comprised of
The external ear direct sound waves into the
Tympanic membrane separates the
The tympanic membrane is found at the
Sound waves vibrate, the epithelial sheet in our transmitted to the
Pin a
Elastic cartilage
External acoustic meatus
External and middle ear
External acoustic meatus
Middle and inner ear
The middle ear extends from the Titanic membrane to the
The middle ear contains
Suspended by ligaments from the tympanic cavity and attaches to the medial phase of the tympanic membrane is the
Central ossicle serves as a transducer between the malleus and states is the
Is the third obstacle that upon vibration projects it’s flattened footpedal in and out of the oval window is the
Movement of the states at the oval window changes the pressure of the fluid within the inner ear and intern produces
The round window is located
Oval window superiorly, and the east chain auditory tube inferiorly
Tympanic cavity and associated ear ossicles
The malleus (hammer)
The incus (anvil)
The stapes (stirrup)
Produces sound
Inferior to the oval window and is a passage between the middle and inner ear
The inner ear is found within the
Membrane fluid filled channels and cavities of the inner ear contain
A shot shaped organ that contains receptors that convert sound waves into nerve impulses for hearing is the
Steriocillia lining the cochlea bend in response to sound waves and nerve impulses are transmitted by
Petrosal portion of the temporal bone
Receptors for hearing and equilibrium
The cochlea
Auditory nerve to the temporal lobe of the brain
The semicircular canals are organs of
Endolymph and the otolith membrane suspended within the fluid detect movement of the
Neurotransmitters are released in response to the position of the steriocilia with the semicircular canals and stimulate the
The vestibule is positioned
Vestibular function (balance)
The head as cilia bend in response to the movement of fluid
Vestibular sensory neurons of CN VIII
between the cochlea and semicircular canals
The vestibule has specialized collections of hair cells with cilia termed steriocillia that detects
Hair cells of the vestibule monitor the position of the steriocille and continuously release
The vestibule stimulates the
Acceleration and deceleration of the head
Neurotransmitters in relationship to the angle of the cilia
Vestibular nerve
