Unit 2.5 Flashcards
Origins are
Insertions are
And muscles contract toward their
Proximal
Distal
Origin
Skeletal structure become more complex from
Proximal to distal
Anterior muscles of the pectoral girdle
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
Pectoralis minor origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Example of
Ribs 3-5
Voracious process of the scapula
Inferior to superior
Protract and depress the scapula
Muscles that retract or elevate the scapula
Serratus anterior
Convergent muscle
Serratus anterior action
Example
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Protracts and superiorily rotates the scapula
Convergent muscle
Muscles that retract it depress (inferior rotation) if the scapula
Muscles that protract it superiorily rotate the scapula
Posterior muscles that position the pectoral girdle
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor
Serratus anterior
Trapezius origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Action
Example
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Skull and spinous process of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Spine of the scapula, acromion, and clavicle
Inferior to superior (et thoracic), horizontal, and superior to inferior (et cervicis)
Multiple actions due to multiple insertions- superior fibers elevate the scapula, horizontal fibers adduct the scapula and inferior fibers depress the scapula
Convergent muscle
Can be both Synergist and antagonist- Levator scapula for the action of elevating the scapula
Levator scapula action
Example
Antagonist to
Elevate the scapula
Parallel muscle
Pectoralis minor and trapezius et thoracis
Rhomboid major action
Example
Antagonist to
Adduct the scapula
Parallel muscle
Any muscle that abducts the shoulder so deltoid and supraspinatus
Rhomboid minor action
Synergist to
Adduct the scapula
Rhomboid major
Muscles that act on the shoulder originate _ and insert _
On the thoracic rib cage
Upper limb bone humerus
Muscles act only on a joint when they
Cross the joint
Anterior shoulder compartment
Muscles that are flexors of the shoulder and elbow. They are innervated by muscleocutaneous nerve
Deltoid, Pectoralis major, biceps brachii, coracobrachialis
Posterior shoulder compartment
Extensors of the shoulder and elbow and are innervated by the radial nerve
Trapezius, supraspinatus, infrasoinatus, terse minor and major, latissimus Dorsi, deltoid
Deltoid origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Example
Spine of scapula, acromion process, and clavicle
Deltoid tuberosit of humerus
Superior to inferior around the shoulder joint and the converge toward their insertion
Medial and laterally rotate, flex and extend, and Abduct the arm
Mulipennate muscles
Pictorial major origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Example
Clavicle, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, body of sternum
Crest (medial lip) of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Horizontally from the midline to the brachium
Medial rotate, flex, ADduct the arm
Convergent
Biceps Brachii- long head origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Example
Supraglenood tubercle if scapula
Radial tuberosity of radius
Superior to inferior
Flex the arm
Bipennate
Coracobrachialis action
Example
Flex the arm
Unipennate
Most muscles that insert in the greater tubercle of the humerus
Lesser tubercle
Laterally rotates the arm
Medically rotates
Supraspinatus action
Type of muscles
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Abduct the arm
Rotator cuff
Muscles that Adduct the arm
Muscles that Abduct the arm
Infraspinatus origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Type of muscle
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Greater tubercle of the humerus
Medial to lateral with its tendons inserting inferior to the central axis of the shoulder
Adduct and laterally rotate the arm
Rotator cuff
Muscles that abduct and medically rotate the arm
Adduct and lateral rotation
teres minor action
Type of muscle
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Adduct and lateral rotate the arm
Rotator cuff
Abduct and medial rotate
Addduxt and laterally rotate
Teres major origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Type of muscle
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Inferior angle of the infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Crest of the lesser tubercle
Horizontal and obliquely from posterior to anterior with its tendons inserting anterior and inferior to the central axis of the shoulder
Medial rotation, adduction, and extension of the arm
Not a rotator cuff because its insertion is inferior to the central axis of the joint
Lateral rotator- deltoid, infraspinatus, teres minor. Flex- biceps. Abduct- deltoid and supraspinatus
Add- Pectoralis major, infraspinatus, teres minor. Extension- triceps. Medial rotation- deltoid, latissimus dorsi, subscaoularis
Subscaoularis action
Type of muscle
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Medial rotate
Rotator cuff
Deltoid and infraspinatus
Deltoid, latissimus dorsi, teres major
Latissimus dorsi action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Location
Medial rotation, extension and addiction of the arm
Deltoid, lateral rotation- infraspinatus and teres minor. Abd- supraspinatus
Medial rotation- deltoid, subscaoularis, teres major. Extension- triceps. Adduction- Pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, triceps long head
Anterior and posterior muscles due to its origin
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm
Flex the shoulder and elbow and innervated by the muscle cutaneous nerve except the brachioradials who’s is the radial nerve
Biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, brachialis, brachiiradialis
Biceps brachii short head action
Example
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Flex the elbow and supinate the forearm
Bioennate
Triceps
Brachialis, brachioradials, biceps long head
Brachialis action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Flex forearm
Triceps
Biceps, brachioradials
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm
Extensors of the shoulder and elbow and innervated by the radial nerve
Triceps brachii and anconeus
Triceps brachii long head origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Elecranon process of he ulna
Superior to inferior
Extend the arm and forearm and abduct the shoulder
Biceps
Anconeus and other heads of triceps
Tricep brachii lateral head action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Extend the elbow- only crosses elbow joint
Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradials
Anconeus and other heads or triceps
Triceps brachii medial head action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Extend the elbow- only crosses elbow joint
Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradials
Anconeus and other heads or triceps
Anconeus action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Extend the elbow
Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradials
All triceps heads
