Unit 3.12 Flashcards
The endocrine system works with the nervous system to achieve
The endocrine system are specialized glands that regulate
Endocrine glands produce
Target cells have
Homeostasis in the body
Metabolism activities, and growth
Hormones that act on intracellular activity
Receptors on their membranes to harness specific hormones
The anterior portion of the pituitary gland is
The anterior pituitary is regulated by
It produces the following hormones
Glandular
Hypothalamus through the hypothalamushypophyseal portal venous system
Growth hormone, prolactin
The posterior portion of the pituitary gland is
Axons from nuclei located in the hypothalamus lend to the
Neurons and nuclei of the hypothalamus create _ hormone and oxytocin, and deliver these hormones to the poster pituitary through the axons known as the
Axonal (fibrous)
Fibrous appearance
Antidiuretic
Hypothalamo- hypophyseal tract
The pineal gland (Epithalamus) synthesizes
Activity is highly associated to daylight sequences known as the
Melatonin
Circadian rhythms
The thymus is located
Produces thymosins that stimulate the production of
T and B lymphocytes are white blood cells that act to
The thymus degrades as we age due to
Mediastinum
Thymic- T lymphocytes
Defend the body against pathogens
Memory mediated immune response
The thyroid hi-lobes gland with a center bridge is located
Described as
Produces
Together regulates the
Hypothyroidism causes
Hyperthyroidism causes
Anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx
Bow tie
Thyroglobulin (molecular building block of T3 and 4 thyroid hormones) and calcitonin (lowers calcium levels in cellular fluids)
Basal metabolic rate
Weight gain, lethargy, cold, low metabolism
Weight loss, hyperactivity, warm, high metabolism
Parathyroid gland are four small disc shaped glands located
There are two parathyroids on each
The parathyroid glands produce
Cells in it secrete
PTH activates
On the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
Lobe of the thyroid, one superior and one inferior)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
PTH when circulating calcium levels are low
Osteoclasts and acts on kidneys and intestine conserve calcium
Pancreas is located
Held in place by
Gland
Secretes
Deep within the abdomen between the duodenum on the right and the spleen on the left
Connective tissues associated with the transverse colon
Exo and endocrine
Insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide
Andre Al gland are located
Composed of
Adrenal cortex secretes hormones collectively referred to as
The adrenal medulla secretes
Superior to each kidney and are known as suprarenal glands
Inner medullary portion and an outer cortex
Corticosteroids- act to suppress inflammation and immune system
Adrenaline or norepinephrine in response to the ANS
Gonads produce hormones associated with
Ovaries produce and secrete
Testes produce
Secondary sex characteristics
Estrogen and prostergen
Androgens - testerone
The heart produces _ in response to stretch reception on the heart wall
Atrial nateiuretic peptide (ANP) which promotes diuresis, and decreases blood volume and pressure
The kidney produces calcitrol to stimulate the small intestine to
It produces _ which increase the number of red blood cells and the overall carrying capacity of blood
Produces _ when there is an imbalance in electrolytes of urine which is an enzyme that helps to form the hormone angiotensin II
Increase calcium and phosphate uptake to meet demand for cellular function
Erythropoietin (EPO)
Renin
What major function do all three organs act to control together
Blood volume and pressure
