Unit 3.4 Flashcards
Newborn babies are in _
as they develop they
Full flexion
Become more active and mobile by extension if the head, torso, and limbs
Anterior mm are
Posterior mm are
Flexors
Extensors
major midline anterior muscles _ the trunk
Major posterior muscles _ the trunk
Flex
Extend
The muscles that arise from thoracic rib cage aid in
Flexion or act on the head, neck, or ribs
Intercostals means
They are
In between ribs
Skeletal muscles and innervated by thoracic spinal nerves (pns)
External intercostal muscles fibers arise from
The fibers course
They _ the ribs
The inferior border of a superior rib and insert into the superior border of a inferior rib
Superior to inferior and toward the midline
Elevate- inspiration
Internal intercostal muscle fibers arise from
They course
They _ the ribs
A superior border of an inferior rib to the inferior border of a superior rib
Inferior to superior and towards the midline
Depress- expiration
The diaphragm is a skeletal muscle that
Divides the thorax from the abdomen
The diaphragm becomes _ during inspiration
-which occurs during
Becomes _ during expiration
- which occurs during
Flat- this increases the size of the thoracic chamber and the lungs expand
Contraction
Convex- this decreases the size of the thoracic chamber and lungs deflate
Relaxation
The diaphragm is innervated by
The nerve roots are also known as
C3,C4,C5
Phrenic nerve
The muscles of the anterior abdomen in general act bilaterally to _ the trunk and _ the abdominal wall; unilaterally contraction causes _ or_
Flex
Tighten
Lateral flexion or rotation
Muscles of anterior abdomen
Rectus abdominis, external and internal abdominal obliques, and transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
It has
Action
Superior pubis
Xiphoid process and inferior border of ribs 5-7
A inferior to superior position parallel to the midline
Tendinous intersections that act to isolate contraction of muscle fibers
Flexes the trunk and compresses the abdominal wall
External abdominal obliques origin
Insertions
Inferior border is called
Fibers course from
Bilateral action cause
Unilaterally contraction causes
External and inferior border of lower ribs
Linea alba
Inguinal ligament
Superior to inferior position toward the midline
Flexion of the vertebral column and compression of the abdominal wall
Lateral flexion or rotation of the vertebral column
Internal abdominal obliques origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Bilateral action causes
Unilaterally contraction causes
Lumbar vertebrae, inguinal ligament, and iliac crest
Linea alba, pubic crest, and inferior ribs/ costal cartilages
Inferior to superior and toward the midline
Flexion of the vertebral column and compression of the abdominal wall
Lateral flexion or rotation of the vertebral column
Transversus abdominis origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Bilateral action causes
Unilaterally contraction causes
Inferior border of lower ribs, lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
Linea alba and pubic crest
Horizontally to toward midline
Flexion of the trunk
Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Muscles of the posterior trunk
Erector spinae group
Iliocostalis origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Distinguishing factors
Iliac crest, sacrum, and lumbar spinous processes
Angles of the ribs and transfers processes of cervical vertebrae
Inferior to superior
Extends the neck and trunk and maintains posture
Most lateral and insert into the angle of the rib
Longissimus origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Action
Distinguishing factors
Iliac crest, sacrum, and lumbar transverse processes
Mastoid process of the temporal bone, and transverse processes of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
Inferior to superior
Extend the grand and trunk and maintains posture plus rotate the head
Intermediate area and insert into the head
Spinalis origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Action
Distinguishing factors
Lumbar and thoracic transverse processes, and C7 spinous process
Spinous process of C2 (acid) and thoracic vertebrae
Inferior to superior
Extend the neck, the vertebral column, the trunk, and maintain posture
Most medial muscles and insert in the cervical processes
Legs rotate at the hip for
Locomotion and bipedalism
Below the hip joint anterior muscles are
Posterior muscles are
Extensors
Flexors
Muscles in the same compartment are
Action to prime mover (agonist)
Synergists
Assists with their action
Muscles on opposite sides of the body are
Action to prime mover
Antagonists- these muscles must relax I. Order for the prime mover (agonist) to contract
Opposite
Laterally inserting mm are generally
Medial
Abductors
Adductors
Muscles of the posterior trunk in general have attachments between _ and _ and _
The head and trunk
Maintain postures
The deep muscles in the posterior trunk are
Erector spinae
