Unit 2.1 Flashcards
Articulation joint
Contact between components of the skeletal system
Arthrology
The study of joints
Arthritis
Inflammation of joints
Joint stability is related to
Shape of the articulating surfaces
Type of intervening connective tissue
Extrascapular connective tissue (fibrous joint capsule, ligament)
Intrascapular connective tissue (internal ligaments and cartilages)
Muscle mass surrounding of a joint
Range of motion is dependent on
Joint structure and the class of lever created at the joint
Levers are classified to where the fulcrum lies sig respect to the points of
Resistance and applied force
The 3 classes of levers are
1st class with fulcrum in the middle with force and resistance on either side side, applied force is inferiorly directed (scissor)
2nd class with the resistance in the middle (effort on one end with securely directed) applied force and fulcrum at base- wheelbarrow
3rd class with the width effort in the middle (resistance at one end) and fulcrum at base- tweezers
Which class is most joints of the body
3rd
Hinge joints
relationship between mobility and stability
As range of motion increases,
transmit force toward or away from a joint
There is an inverse relationship
Stability of joint decreases
How to classify joints
Two ways- by intervening material (CT, cartilage, fluid) and according to degree of movement
Classification according to inverning material and examples
Fibrous connective tissue (fibrous syntharthrosis- sutures of skull, fibrous amphiarthrosis- interosseous membrane)
Cartilage as connective tissue
(Fibrocartilage -intervertebral disc, hyaline cartilage- costochondral junction and epihyseal plate)
Synovial fluid as an intervening material ( found in joints of shoulder, elbow, writs, hand, hip, knee, ankle, and foot)
Classification according to degree of movement and examples
Synarthroses- a fastened joint, no movements allowed (sutural joint in skull)
Amphiarthosis- a surrounded joint, some movement allowed (pubic symphysis)
Diaryhroses- a two piece joint, joint is freely moveable but limited (shoulder and knee)
Relationship between types of classification
Fibrous->
Cartilage->
Synovial->
Syntharosis, amphiarothosis
Syntharosis, amphiarothosis
Diaryhrosis
Fibrous joints have _ between the articulating surfaces
Fibrous tissue
Fibrous, connective, tissues, also known as
Collagen, dense connective tissue
Fibrous joints have what type of movement
Synarthrosis and amphiathrosis
Cartilaginous joints have cartilage between the
Articular surfaces
Cartilaginous joints have what type of movement
Syntharosis, amphiarothosis
Syntharosis Cartilaginous joints (epiphyseal plate) are made of
Hyaline cartilage
amphiarothosis cartilaginous joint (symphysis pubis) is made of
Fibrocartilage
synovial joints have _ between articulating surfaces
Synovial fluid
Synovial joints have what type of movement
Diarthrotic but limited by shape of articular surfaces, intracapsular, and extracapsular ligaments in the joint capsule
All synovial joints are
all diarthrotic joints are
Disrthrotic joints
Synovial joints
Types of diarthroses joints
Gliding-plantar
Hinge- gynglimus
Pivot- trochoid
Ellipsoidal- condyloid
Saddle- sellar
Ball and socket- spheroidea
Gliding- plantar
Example
Characteristic
Two flat articulating surface glide over one another
How a short bone of the carpet articulates within an adjacent articulating surface (face) of another carpal bone
They are uniaxialor and uniplanar and they function and sagittal and transverse planes
Hinge- gynglimus
Example
Characteristic
Cup surface fits into a peg -door hinge
How the trochlea of the humerus sits in the trochlear notch of the ulna
They are uniaxial (uniplanar) and they function in the sagittal plane
Pivot - trochoid
Example
Characteristic
Peg fits into a circle, allows for rotation
How the head of the radius fits into the radial notch of the ulna
They are and uniaxial (uniplanar) they function in the transverse and horizontal plane
Ellipsoidal- condyloid
Example
Characteristic
Oval surface articulates on a depression
How the head of a metacarpal fits into the depressed surface base of a phalanx
They are biaxial (biplanar) and they function in the sagittal and horizontal planes
Saddle-sellar
Example
Characteristic
Saddle shaped surfaces, inverted and stacked
When the trapezium of carpals contacts, the proximal base end of metacarpal one
They are biaxial (biplanar) function of the sagittal and frontal planes with relative freedom of movement
Ball and socket- spheroidea
Example
Characteristic
A ball fits into a socket, cup
When the head of the humerus contacts the glenoid fossa of the scapula
They are multiaxial (mulitplanar) and they function in three planes and can perform multiple actions
Examples of all six diarthrosisjoints
Gliding- zygapophyseal joint
Hinge- elbow (humeral ulnar joint), knee joint (femoral tibial joint)
Pivot- atlantal axial joint, radio ulnar joint
Ellipsoid- metacarpal phalangeal joints
Saddle- carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Ball and socket joint- shoulder joint (glenohumeral)
