Unit 2.8 Flashcards
Muscles of the pelvic girdle act on
Hip and knee
Muscles of the gluteal region
Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Gluteus Maximus origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Example
Antagonist to
Iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Obliquely from medial to inferiolateral
Extend hip and lateral rotate thigh
Convergent
Muscles that medically rotates the hip or flexes the thigh (gluteus medius for hip and quadriceps femoris for flexion
Gluteus medius origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Greater trochanter of the femur
Oblique and superior to gluteus minimus
Abduct and medialy rotates the thigh
Gluteus minimus action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Abducts and medialy rotates the thigh
Gluteus Maximus for medial rotation and adductor group for abduction
Gluteus medius
Muscles of the deep gluteal region, lateral rotators of the hip
Piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator externus and interns, inferior gemellus, quadratis femoris
Piriformis origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Sacrum
Greater trochanter
Obliquely from medial to lateral
Laterally rotate the hip
Superior gemellus action
Lateral rotation of the hip
Inferior gemellus action
Lateral rotation of hip
Obturator internus action
Lateral rotation of hip
Obturator externus action
Lateral rotation of the hip
Quadratis femoris action
Lateral rotation of hip
Lateral rotators are synergistic to the _ and antagonist to
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus, medius and minimus
Muscles of the anterior thigh
Iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris
Iliopsoas action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Flex the thigh
Hamstring groups for flexion
Anterior compartment of the thigh for flexion
Sartorius action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Flex the hip, knee, and laterally rotate the thigh and medialy rotate the leg
Muscles that extend the hip or knee (hamstring and quadriceps) and muscles that medialy rotate the thigh (gluteus minimus and medius) and laterally rotate the leg (adductor magnus or biceps femoris)
Quadriceps or hamstrings for flexion, gluteus Maximus for lateral rotation and semi M and T for medial rotation
Quadriceps femoris head locations
Vastus Medial- medial head
Vastus Lateral - lateral head
rectus femoris- anterior
Vastus intermedialis- deep to rectus and between the other two
Quadriceps femoris origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Example
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
AIIS, medialis and lateralis arise from the lines aspera, intertrichanteric line and greater trochanter. Intermedialis arise from the proximal anterior shaft of femur
Patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Proximal to distal
Multipennate
Flex the thigh, extend the leg
Extend the hip (gluteus Maximus) or flex the knee (posterior thigh)
Flex the hip or extend the leg
Muscles of the anterior lateral thigh
Tensor fascia latae, iliotibial tract
Tensor fascia latae action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Abduct and medialy rotate the thigh
Muscles that adduct the thigh (medial compartment) and gluteus Maximus and deep muscles that laterally rotate the thigh
Muscles that abduct and medialy rotate the thigh (medius and minimus)
Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh
Gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, magnus, brevis
Gracilis action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Adductor and flex thigh, flex knee
Abductors and extensors of the hip and extensors of the leg
Adduct or flex thigh, flex knee - other adductors, quads for flex hip and hamstrings for flex knee
Pectineus action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Adduct and flex thigh
Abductors and extensors of thigh
Adduct and flex thigh
Adductor longus action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Adduct and flex thigh
Abductors and extensors of thigh
Adduct and flex thigh
Adductor magnus origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Adductor portion- inferior pubic ramus and insert on the linear aspera
Extensor portion- ischial tuberosity and insert on the adductor tubercle
Proximal to distal directed obliquely from posterior to anterior
Adduct the thigh, adductor also flex thigh, extensor extends leg and laterally rotates the thigh
To itself for extension and flexion of the thigh and to other muscles that medialy rotates thigh and extends leg
Muscles that adduct, flex the thigh or knee or laterally rotates the thigh (adductor) and extend or laterally rotates the thigh (extensor)
Adductor brevis action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Adducts and flexes thigh
Abductors and extensors of thigh
Adductors and flex thigh
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh
Semi membranous, semi tendinosis, bicep femoris long and short heads
Semitendinosus origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Ischial tuberosity
Proximal and medial tibia
Proximal to distal
Extend thigh, flex and medial rotation of leg
Flex thigh, extend knee or lateral rotates leg
Extend thigh, flex and medially rotates leg
Muscles that act on the angle and digits
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis anterior course from
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Proximal to distal
Dorsiflex and invert foot
Plantar flex (posterior compartment of leg) and evert the foot(lateral)
Tibialis posterior for inversion and peroneus for dorsiflexion
Extensor hallucis longus origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Action
Antagonists to
Synergist to
Anterior tibia
Distal phalanx of digit 1
Proximal to distal and lateral to medial
Extend digit 1
Flexor hallucis longus and brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
Fibularis longus origin
Insertion
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Lateral console of tibia and proximal two thirds of the fibula
Metacarpal 5 and medial cunieform
Evert the foot and weakly plantar flex
Invert the foot and dorsiflex
Evert foot - fibularis brevis
Gastrocnemius origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Lateral and medial condyles of femur
Calcaneus
Proximal to distal
Flex knee and plantar flex
Flex the knee and dorsiflex
Soleus and plantar is for dorsiflexion
Flexor digitorum longus origin
Insertion
Fibers course from
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to
Posterior medial tibia
Distal phalanges of figure 2-5
Proximal to distal
Extend digits 2-5
Extensor digitorum longus and brevis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Muscles of the dorsum of the foot
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
First layer
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
2nd layer
Quadratis plantae
Lumbricals
Tendon of the flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus
3rd layer
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
4th layer
Dorsal interossei(1-4)
Plantar interossei (1-3)
Tendon of fibularis longus and Tibialis posterior
