Unit 3.1: The Cell Flashcards
1
Q
It is the phospholipid bilayer
A
Cell Membrane
2
Q
Has hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail in two layers
A
Cell Membrane
3
Q
In the cell membrane, which is the outer portion? hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
A
Hydrophobic
4
Q
Cell membrane is based on the fluid-mosaic model, what is the core of the membrane?
A
Lipid bilayer
5
Q
Cell membrane also contains (3) _____, ______, ______.
A
Cholesterol, Cardiolipin, Sphingomyelin
6
Q
Cell membrane also contains carbohydrates known as _______ and _______.
A
Oligosaccharides; membrane proteins
7
Q
These are the integral proteins
A
Membrane proteins
8
Q
These are the Lipid-anchored proteins
A
Membrane Proteins
9
Q
These are the Peripheral Proteins
A
Membrane Proteins
10
Q
Membrane Proteins are defined as (3 Proteins)
A
Integral, Lipid-anchored, Peripheral
11
Q
Several Organelles are found in the ______.
A
Cytoplasm
12
Q
the presence and abundance of the different organelles varies between different _____ and different _____.
A
tissues; organisms.
13
Q
Organelles are suspended in a fluid-filled region called the _____.
A
cytosol
14
Q
This part of the cell is suspended in a fluid-filled region called the cytosol
A
Organelles
15
Q
This is a non-membrane bound organelles that are responsible for the synthesis of protein
A
Ribosomes
16
Q
Part of teh cell that is made up of small sub-unit (40 S) and large sub-unit (60 S) for eukaryotes
A
Ribosomes
17
Q
Where do Ribosomes synthesized?
A
Nucleolus
18
Q
Prokaryotic Ribosome has how many subunit?
A
50S large subunit, 30S small subunit
19
Q
Eukaryotic Ribosome has how many subunit?
A
60S large subunit, 40S small subunit
20
Q
What is “S”?
A
Svedberg
21
Q
Ultracentrifugation was developed in the 1920s by whom?
A
Theodor Svedberg
22
Q
This part of the cell may be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum specifically
called rough endoplasmic reticulum or may be free floating in the cytoplasm
A
Ribosomes
23
Q
T/F: Ribosomes can also be attached to the perinuclear membrane
A
TRUE
24
Q
RIbosomes can also be attached to what?
A
Perinuclear Membrane
25
This part of the cell is a double membrane-bound organelle
Endoplasmic Reticulum
26
This part of the cell appear as folded layers that seems to be connected to the nuclear membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
27
What are the 2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum?
Rough and Smooth
28
RER/SER: This is responsible for protein synthesis because of the ribosomes
embedded in this membrane.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
29
RER/SER: This double membrane folded in layers is called in such a way because
of the absence of the ribosome in its membrane. This is responsible for
glucose and lipid synthesis.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
30
RER/SER: This membrane is situated very near the nuclear membrane for the translation to occur.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
31
RER/SER: This is responsible for glucose and lipid synthesis.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
32
Part of the cell whch network of smooth membranes consisting of flattened, disc-like
cisternae with dilated rims and associated vesicles and tubules
Golgi Body
33
Part of the cell where the newly synthesized protein is processed and modified
Golgi Body
34
Part of the cell that provides energy to the cell by producing ATPs in a process called cellular respiration
Mitochondrion
35
Part of the cell that contains several enzymes and proteins embedded in its inner membrane called cristae
Mitochondrion
36
It is a theory that attempts to explain the origin of the organelles -- mitochondria and chloroplasts
Endosymbiotic Theory
37
The two strands of the human mitochondrial DNA are distinguished as the ______ and ______.
heavy strand and the light strand
38
The heavy strand is rich in _______ and encodes 12 subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system, 2 robosomal RNAs (12S and 16A), and 14 transfer RNAs (tRNAs)
guanine
39
The heavy strand encodes how many subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system?
12 subunits
40
The heavy strands encodes how many ribosomal RNAs? (__S and __S)
2 Ribosomal RNAs (12S and 16S)
41
The heavy strands encodes how many transfer RNAs? (tRNAs)?
14 transfer RNA
42
The light strand encodes how many subunit?
1 subunit
43
The light strand encodes how many tRNAs?
8 tRNAs
44
When the two strands (heavy and light) of the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
are combined, it encodes how many rRNAs, tRNAs, and protein subunits?
2 rRNAs, 22tRNAs, 13 Protein subunits which are involved in the oxidative phosphorylation process
45
Part of the cell that is a type of plastid which is found in plant cell
Chloroplast
46
Part of the cell that contains chlorophyll located at the thylakoid membrane
Chloroplast
47
Chloroplast contains _____.
Chlorophyll
48
Chloroplast contains clorophyll that is located at _______ membrane.
Thylakoid
49
Chloroplast: thylakoids are stacked together to form ______ (plural grana) suspended in stroma
granum
50
Chloroplast: Granum is suspended in ______.
stroma
51
Part of the cell that is responsible for the process called photosynthesis
Chloroplast
52
Part of the cell that is a complex structure that contains s two barrelshaped centrioles surrounded by amorphous, electron dense pericentriolar material (PCM).
Centrosome
53
Centrosome is surrounded by amorphous, electron _______ (PCM).
Pericentriolar Material
54
Part of the cell that is a single membrane-bound organelle
Vacuole
55
Part of the animal cells that is generally small and help sequester waste products
VAcuole
56
Part of the plant cell that is a fluid filled structure that is made up mostly of water
Vacuole
57
Part of the celll that is an elaborate interactive network composed of three well defined filamentous structures – microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
Cytoskeleton
58
Part of the cell that provide structural support and internal framework responsible for positioning various organelles within the interior of the cell
Cytoskeleton
59
Part of the cell the provides movement of materials and organelles in the cell
Cytoskeleton
60
Cytoskeleton: _______ are found in the interior of the cell where they maintain cell shape by resisting compressive forces.
Microtubules
61
Cytoskeleton: This thickens the cortex around the inner edge of a cell; they resist tension
Microfilaments
62
Cytoskeleton: _________ are found throughout the cell and hold organelles in place
Intermediate filaments
63
Part of the cell that is also known as microbodies
Peroxisomes
64
Part of the cell that is membrane bound, multi-functional organelles that carry out a diverse metabolic reactions including substrate oxidation leading to formation of hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisomes
65
Part of the cell that is membrane-bounded organelle, found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, which contains digestive enzymes.
Lysosome
66
Part of the cell that acts as the "garbage disposal" of the cell by breaking down cell components that are no longer needed as well as molecules or even bacteria that are ingested by the cell.
Lysosome
67
Part of the cell that is an organelle containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases).
Lysosome
68
Part of the cell that are found in animal cells, while in plant cells the same roles are perform by the vacuole
Lysosome
69
The name Lysosome derives from the Greek word ______ which means dissolution or destruction, and ______, which means body
Lysis; Soma
70
This part of the cell are frequently nicknames "suicide-bags" or "suicide-sacs" by cell biologists due to their role in autolysis.
Lysosome
71
Lysosome were discovered by the Belgian cytologist _________ in 1955.
Christian de Duve
72
What are the 5 Lysosomal Enzymes?
Phosphate ester, Nucleases, Protein digesting enzymes, Carbohydrate digesting enzymes and Lipid digesting enzymes
73
Lysosomal Enzymes that is an acid phosphate
Phosphate Esters
74
Lysosomal Enzymes that is has DNase, RNase
Nucleases
75
Lysosomal Enzymes that has collagenase, cathepsins, and other proteases.
Protein digesting enzymes
76
Lysosomal Enzymes that has B-glucosidase, hexosaminidase A, a-mannosidase, a-fucosidase, sialidase, etc
Carbohydrate digesting enzymes
77
Lysosomal Enzymes that has sphingomyelinase, esterases
Lysosomal Enzymes
78
Part of the cell that is the command center of the cell because it commands the cellular activity of the entire cell
Nucleus
79
Part of the cell that is made up of: Nuclear membrane, Chromosomes, and Nucleolus
Nucleus
80
Nucles is made up of : (3) _____, _____, _____.
Nuclear membrane, Chromosomes, Nucleolus
81
Nuclear membrane: Nuclear envelope is made up of two layers of membrane: an _______ and ______.
outer membrane and an inner membrane
82
Nuclear membrane: Each of these membranes contains two layers of ________, arranged with their tails pointing inward
phospholipids
83
Part of the cell that contains nuclear pores for easy transport of materials such as mRNA to the cytoplasm
Nuclear membrane
84
Nuclear Pore: Exchange of materials between _____ and _____.
Nucleus and Cytoplasm
85
Nuclear Pore: Active/Passive Diffusion of low molecular weight solutes
Passive
86
Part of the cell that is an efficient passage through the complex requires several proteins factors
Nuclear Pores
87
Part of the cell that are threadlike strands of nuclear DNA with proteins called histones
Chromosome
88
Chromosome are threadlike strands of nuclear DNA with proteins called _____.
Histones
89
Part of the cell that is a carrier of genetic materials that occur by pairs (with homologous _____)
Chromosome
90
In mitosis, this part of the cell condensed from chromatin to meta-chromosome becoming more visible under the light microscope
Chromosome
91
Part of the cell that is found inside the nucleus suspended in nucleoplasm
Nucleolus
92
Nucleolus is found inside the nucleus suspended in ______.
Nucleoplasm
93
Part of the cell that is an irregular-shaped nuclear structures that function as ribosome-producing organelle
Nucleolus
94
Part of the cell that is more prominent during interphase stage
nucleolus
95
Nucleolus is more prominent in what stage of the cell cycle?
Interphase
96
Part of the cell that is a rigid structure found in plants
Cell Wall
97
Part of the cell that provides support and protection for the cell it surrounds
Cell wall
98
Part of the cell that contains pectin, glycan and cellulose microfibrils
Cell Wall
99
Part of the cell that expands from primary cell wall to middle lamella
Cell Wall
