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[MT 6315] Cytogenetics > 04 Chromosome Structure > Flashcards

04 Chromosome Structure Flashcards

triage18

1
Q

threadlike structures

A

chromosome

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2
Q

“colored bodies”

A

chromosome

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3
Q

chroma

A

color

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3
Q

soma

A

body

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4
Q

made of protein and a single molecule of DNA

A

chromosome

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5
Q

enable transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next

A

chromosome

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5
Q

in __________, chromosomes enable each mature ovum and sperm to contain a unique single set of parental genes

A

meiosis

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5
Q

factors that distinguish one species from another

A

chromosome

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6
Q

in __________, chromosomes ensure daughter cell retains its own complete genetic complement

A

mitosis

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6
Q

in mitosis, chromosomes ensure daughter cell _________ its own complete genetic _________

A

retains
complement

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6
Q

in meiosis, chromosomes enable each _________ ovum and sperm to contain a _________ single set of ____________

A

mature
unique
parental genes

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7
Q

how many autosomes do humans have?

A

44

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7
Q

other DNA materials found in the mitochondria

A

extra-chromosomal dna

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8
Q

how many sex chromosomes do humans have?

A

2

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9
Q

replicated condensed chromosome with sister chromatids

A

metaphase chromosome

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9
Q

central region of a chromosome

A

centromere

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10
Q

metaphase chromosomes are often chosen for ___________ and for ___________ because they are readily seen

A

karyotyping
chromosome analysis

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10
Q

two identical strands which are the result of DNA

A

chromatids

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11
Q

consists of several hundred kilobases of repetitive DNA

A

centromere

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11
Q

designated as p (petite)

A

short arm

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11
Q

responsible for chromosome movement at cell division

A

centromere

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11
Q

divides the chromosome into short and long arm

A

centromere

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12
Q

primary constriction where sister chromatids are linked

A

centromere

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12
Q

queues in french means ___________

A

tails

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13
Q

organelle located at the centromere region

A

kinetochore

13
Q

microtubule organizing center

A

kinetochore

13
Q

designated as q (queues or g as in grande)

A

long arm

14
Q

facilitates ___________ by ___________ of tubulin dimers to form __________ early in __________

A

spindle formation
polymerization
microtubules
mitosis

14
Q

facilitates spindle formation

A

kinetochore

14
Q

enumerate the basis of chromosome types _

A

(1) number of centromeres
(2) centromere position
(3) arms ratio

15
Q

tandem repeats of the hexameric sequence ‘TTAGGG’

A

telomere

15
Q

enumerate the functions of the telomere in preserving chromosome stability

A

(1) preventing abnormal end-to-end fusion of chromosomes
(2) protecting the ends of chromosomes from degradation
(3) ensuring complete DNA replication
(4) having a role in chromosome pairing during meiosis

16
Q

enumerate the types of chromosomes based on number of chromosomes

A

(1) monocentric
(2) acentric
(3) dicentric

16
Q

tip of each chromosome

A

telomere

17
Q

reliably transmitted from parental to daughter cells

A

monocentric

17
Q

single centromere

A

monocentric

18
Q

genetically unstable because it is not transmitted in a predictable fashion

A

dicentric

18
Q

lacks centromere

A

acentric

18
Q

genetically unstable because they cannot be maneuvered properly during cell division and are usually lost

A

acentric

18
Q

middle; yielding arms of roughly equal length

A

metacentric

19
Q

two centromeres

A

dicentric

19
Q

often referred to as “fragment of chromosome”

A

acentric

20
Q

enumerate the types of chromosomes based on centromere position

A

(1) metacentric
(2) submetacentric
(3) acrocentric
(4) telocentric

21
Q

unusual length of chromosome arms

A

submetacentric

21
Q

centromere is centrally located

A

metacentric

22
Q

off-center chromosome

A

submetacentric

22
Q

q arm is longer

A

submetacentric

22
Q

______ pairs of metacentric chromosomes in humans

A

5

23
Q

very close to one end

A

acrocentric

24
Q

often associated with small pieces of DNA called satellites, encoding rRNA

A

acrocentric

24
Q

______ pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in humans

A

5

24
Q

yielding a small short arm

A

acrocentric

24
Q

acro means ________

A

peak

25
Q

forms V shape at anaphase

A

metacentric

25
Q

forms I shape at anaphase

A

acrocentric

26
Q

centromere at the terminal end

A

Telocentric

26
Q

not found in humans

A

telocentric

26
Q

forms J shape at anaphase

A

submetacentric

26
Q

chromosome type is determined from the __________ of p and q arms

A

ratio

26
Q

in ___________, Levan et al established chromosome types based on arms ratio

A

1964

[MT 6315] Cytogenetics (16 decks)

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