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[MT 6315] Cytogenetics > 04 Chromosome Structure > Flashcards

04 Chromosome Structure Flashcards

triage18

1
Q

threadlike structures

A

chromosome

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2
Q

“colored bodies”

A

chromosome

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3
Q

chroma

A

color

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3
Q

soma

A

body

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4
Q

made of protein and a single molecule of DNA

A

chromosome

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5
Q

enable transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next

A

chromosome

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5
Q

in __________, chromosomes enable each mature ovum and sperm to contain a unique single set of parental genes

A

meiosis

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5
Q

factors that distinguish one species from another

A

chromosome

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6
Q

in __________, chromosomes ensure daughter cell retains its own complete genetic complement

A

mitosis

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6
Q

in mitosis, chromosomes ensure daughter cell _________ its own complete genetic _________

A

retains
complement

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6
Q

in meiosis, chromosomes enable each _________ ovum and sperm to contain a _________ single set of ____________

A

mature
unique
parental genes

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7
Q

how many autosomes do humans have?

A

44

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7
Q

other DNA materials found in the mitochondria

A

extra-chromosomal dna

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8
Q

how many sex chromosomes do humans have?

A

2

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9
Q

replicated condensed chromosome with sister chromatids

A

metaphase chromosome

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9
Q

central region of a chromosome

A

centromere

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10
Q

metaphase chromosomes are often chosen for ___________ and for ___________ because they are readily seen

A

karyotyping
chromosome analysis

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10
Q

two identical strands which are the result of DNA

A

chromatids

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11
Q

consists of several hundred kilobases of repetitive DNA

A

centromere

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11
Q

designated as p (petite)

A

short arm

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11
Q

responsible for chromosome movement at cell division

A

centromere

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11
Q

divides the chromosome into short and long arm

A

centromere

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12
Q

primary constriction where sister chromatids are linked

A

centromere

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12
Q

queues in french means ___________

A

tails

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13
organelle located at the centromere region
kinetochore
13
microtubule organizing center
kinetochore
13
designated as q (queues or g as in grande)
long arm
14
facilitates ___________ by ___________ of tubulin dimers to form __________ early in __________
spindle formation polymerization microtubules mitosis
14
facilitates spindle formation
kinetochore
14
enumerate the basis of chromosome types _
(1) number of centromeres (2) centromere position (3) arms ratio
15
tandem repeats of the hexameric sequence 'TTAGGG'
telomere
15
enumerate the functions of the telomere in preserving chromosome stability
(1) preventing abnormal end-to-end fusion of chromosomes (2) protecting the ends of chromosomes from degradation (3) ensuring complete DNA replication (4) having a role in chromosome pairing during meiosis
16
enumerate the types of chromosomes based on number of chromosomes
(1) monocentric (2) acentric (3) dicentric
16
tip of each chromosome
telomere
17
reliably transmitted from parental to daughter cells
monocentric
17
single centromere
monocentric
18
genetically unstable because it is not transmitted in a predictable fashion
dicentric
18
lacks centromere
acentric
18
genetically unstable because they cannot be maneuvered properly during cell division and are usually lost
acentric
18
middle; yielding arms of roughly equal length
metacentric
19
two centromeres
dicentric
19
often referred to as "fragment of chromosome"
acentric
20
enumerate the types of chromosomes based on centromere position
(1) metacentric (2) submetacentric (3) acrocentric (4) telocentric
21
unusual length of chromosome arms
submetacentric
21
centromere is centrally located
metacentric
22
off-center chromosome
submetacentric
22
q arm is longer
submetacentric
22
______ pairs of metacentric chromosomes in humans
5
23
very close to one end
acrocentric
24
often associated with small pieces of DNA called satellites, encoding rRNA
acrocentric
24
______ pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in humans
5
24
yielding a small short arm
acrocentric
24
acro means ________
peak
25
forms V shape at anaphase
metacentric
25
forms I shape at anaphase
acrocentric
26
centromere at the terminal end
Telocentric
26
not found in humans
telocentric
26
forms J shape at anaphase
submetacentric
26
chromosome type is determined from the __________ of p and q arms
ratio
26
in ___________, Levan et al established chromosome types based on arms ratio
1964

[MT 6315] Cytogenetics (16 decks)

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