Unit 1: Intro to Cytogenetics Flashcards
Branch of genetics that studies the structure of DNA within the cell nucleus
Cytogenetics
The cytogenetic studies the
number and morphology of
________
chromosomes
chromosome banding techniques is what type of cytogenetics?
a. classical techniques
b. molecular cytogenetics
a. classical techniques
**hybridization fluorescently labeled probes?
**
a. classical techniques
b. molecular cytogenetics
b. molecular cytogenetics
Pag pinakita ung may kulay na chromosomes ano yon?
Fluorescently labeled probes (Molecular cytogenetics)
3 Parts of Summarized Cytogenetics Development
A. Cell Discovery
B. Chromosome structure and components discovery
C. Human Cytogenetics emergence
Who and what Year?
He observed the section of cork by a primitive type of microscope and found that it was made up of small hollow units like honey comb He termed the structural unit as cell
May hooke ung cork
1665
Robert Hooke (1635-1703)
Who and What Year?
Who published microscopic anatomy of plants and *advanced a theory *that the stamen corresponds to male, while pistil corresponds to female reproductive organ
stamen = male
pistil = female
nag-grew ung plants
1672
Nehemiah Grew
(1628-1711)
Who and What Year?
He improved the microscope by the technnique of grinding the lens. He reported the studies on free cells such as protozoa and bacteria and thus opened the door to a new world of microorganisms
He also studied blood cells
sa van nya na-improve tapos syempre may door sa isang van
1674
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
(1632-1723)
Who and what Year?
He showed the presence of sex in plants. He demonstrated that in maize, seeds are not produces unless pollen is applied to the pistil. He concluded that pollen is the male element, while pistil is the female element.
Pistil = Female Element
Pollen = Male Element
si rudolf the red nose reindeer ay may camera habang pinapakita
1694
Rudolf Jacob Camerarius
(1665-1721)
Who and what Year?
He published the information on his work of plant hybridization. He made hybrids between different varieties of tobacco and between some plant genera. By using reciprocal crosses, he showed the equal contribution of male and female parents to their offspring.
1761-1766
Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter
(1733-1806)
Who and What Year?
He proposed at heory of evolution known as theory of inheritance of acquired characters:
- Variation in an individual is brought about by:
(a) conscious effort,
(b) reaction to environment, and
(c) use and disuse of the organ. - Heredity carries forward the changes that are acquired during the life time of the individual.
si jean tapos na-baptise sya ni marck
1809
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
Who and what Year?
He studied plant cells and discovered
nucleus in Tradescantia. He described it as a central feature of living cells.
1828
Robert Brown
(1773-1858)
Who and what year?
He described cell division and showed
that cells arise through partition walls
formed between preexisting cells.
1835
Hugo von Mohl
(1805-1872)
Who and What Year?
They put forth the cell theory on the basis of accumulated experimental results:
* The cell is the smallest structural element of a multicellular organism and as a unit, it is itself an elementary organism.
* In a multicellular organism, every cell has a specific function to perform, and represents a working unit.
* A cell can only be produced from another cell by cell division.
**1838-39
**
Matthias Jacob Schleiden (1804-1881) and
Theodor Schwann (1810-1882)
Brief History of Cytogenetics
1st discovered chromosomes in pollen.
Year and who?
1842 Karl Wilhem Nägeli
Brief History of Cytogenetics
introduced aniline staining to observe
chromosomes during cell division
1870 Walther Flemming
coined the term “chromosome” after staining techniques had been developed
1888 Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer
derived an estimate of 48 chromosomes
using images of nuclei reconstructed from thin sections of human testicular tissue embedded in paraffin and stained with iron hematoxylin, cytogenetic technique
1923 Theophilus Painter
Cytogenetic technique improvements (use of colchicines to arrest cells in metaphase)
What year only
1950
Brief History of Cytogenetics
They showed that human cells have 23 pairs of
chromosomes
Tijo and Levan
peripheral leukocyte culture method of Moorehead et al. was adopted by many cytogeneticists
What Year only
1960
In situ hybridization techniques initially developed by ____?
There are 2
Joseph Gall and Mary Lou Pardue in 1960s
He termed the structural unit as cell
1665 Robert Hooke
(1635-1703)
What type of microscope Robert Hooke used in observing the section of cork?
Primitive type of microscope
Who advanced a theory that the stamen corresponds to male, while pistil corresponds to female repro?
1672 Nehemiah Grew
(1628-1711)
Who studied blood cells?
1674 Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
(1632-1723)
What did Anthony van Leeuwenhoek did?
He improved the microscope by the technique of grinding the lens
He reported the studies on free cells such as protozoa and bacteria thus opening the door to a new world of microorganism
He also studided blood cells
He showed the presence of sex in plants
1694 Rudolf Jacob Camerarius
(1665-1721)
He demosntrated that seeds are not produced unless pollen is applied to teh pistil
1694 Rudolf Jacob Camerarius (1665-1721)
He concluded that pollen is the male element, while pistil is the female element
1694 Rudolf Jacob Camerarius (1665-1721)
He improved microscope by grinding the lens
1674 Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek
(1632-1723)
He reported the studies of Protozoa and Bacteria
1674 ANthony Van Leeuwenhoek
(1632-1723)
He advanced theory that stamen is for male while pistil is for female
1672 Nehemiah Grew
(1628-1711)
Which is whom?
Stamen for Male
Pollen for Male
Stamen = 1672 Nehemiah Grew
Pollen = 1694 Rudolf Jacob Camerarius
Published the info about hybridization
1761-1766 Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter (1733-1806)
1761-1766 Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter made hybrids between what varieties?
Tobacco and plant Genera
1761-1766 Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter:
By using __________ he showed the eqaul coontribution of male and female parents to their offspring
reciprocal crosses
He proposed a theory of evolution known as theory of inheritance of acquired characters
1809 Jean Baptiste Lamarck
(1744-1829)
1809 Jean Baptiste Lamarck
Variation in an individual is brought about by:
(a) ?
(b) ?
(c) ?
(a) conscious effort
(b) reaction to environement
(c) use and disuse of the organ
1809 Jean Baptiste Lamarck
_______ carries forward the changes that are acquired during the life time of the individual.
Heredity
He is a botanist and studied plant cells
1828 Robert Brown
1828 Robert Brown discovered nucleus in __________
Tradescantia
He described it as a central feature of living cells
1828 Robert Brown
He described cell division
1835 Hugo von Mohl
