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[MT 6315] Cytogenetics > Unit 2.3: DNA Translation > Flashcards

Unit 2.3: DNA Translation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the start codon?

A

AUG

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2
Q

AUG codes for what amino acid?

A

Methionine

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3
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

61 amino acids

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3
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

61 amino acids

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3
Q

How many codons are there?

A

64 codons

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4
Q

What are the stop codons?

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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5
Q

In the tRNA molecule, what part is recognized by aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?

A

D Anticodon

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6
Q

The 34th, 35th, and 36th nucleotides are called…

A

Anticodon Loops

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7
Q

This is responsible for anchoring the tRNA to the large ribosomal unit.

A

T Arm

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8
Q

In what end is the amino acid attached for the tRNA molecule?

A

3’

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9
Q

What is the total weight for the large and small ribosomal subunits?

A

80S

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10
Q

The sequence of Nucleotides that comes in triplet forms along the mRNA are called…

A

Codons

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11
Q

The sequence of nucleotides that comes in triplet

A

Codons

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12
Q

What are triplets of nucleotides that are complementary to the codon in the mRNA?

A

Anticodon

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13
Q

What end of the tRNA molecule carries phosphate?

A

5’

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14
Q

What end of the tRNA molecule carries hydroxyl?

A

3’

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15
Q

In the 3’ end of the tRNA, what is the terminal sequence?

A

CCA

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16
Q

The CCA tail is also known as…

A

Amino Acid Domain

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17
Q

rue or False: DNA is read at 3’ to 5’ while RNA is read at 5’ to 3’.

A

True

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18
Q

The characteristic of the genetic code that states how translation occurs from end to end.

A

Comma Less

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19
Q

Viruses take advantage of this specific characteristic of the genetic code to mutate.

A

Non-overlapping

20
Q

True or False: The ribosomes will always translate the mRNA by the codons and give one amino acid for it.

A

True

21
Q

What are the two exceptions for the rule of redundancy?

A

Non-redundant/Non-degenerate:
AUG (Methionine)
UGG (Tryptophan)

22
Q

True or False: We can always trace an amino acid back to its exact codon.

A

False

22
Q

This characteristic of the genetic code states that different codons may code for a single amino acid.

A

Redundancy/Degenerate

23
Q

The phenomenon wherein inosine is the first nucleotide in the anticodon.

A

Wobble Effect

24
Q

Inosine is complementary to:

A

Adenine, Uracil, cytosine

25
Q

True or False: Inosine decreases the rate of mutation because of its flexibility in terms of the complementary bases.

A

True

26
Q

Part of the tRNA that contains modified nitrogenous bases in the form of ribothymidine and pseudourine.

A

T Arm

27
Q

This part enables the TRNA to tether to ribosomes to avoid it being wobbly as it enters elongation.

A

T Arm

28
Q

The part of the tRNA that contains modified nitrogenous base that is so unique is called dihydrouridine.

A

D Arm

29
Q

The D arm enables recognition of molecule through what enzyme?

A

Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase

30
Q

The 34th to the 36th sequence of nucleotides that make up the tRNA molecule.

A

Anticodon Loop

31
Q

When AMP and methionine are joined, it is called

A

S-adenosylmethionine

32
Q

How many arms do Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase have?

A

3

33
Q

The sizes of the ribosomal subunits may be expressed through…

A

Svedberg Units

34
Q

What is the size of the large ribosomal subunit in Eukaryotes?

A

60S

35
Q

What is the size of the small ribosomal subunit in Eukaryotes?

A

40S

36
Q

What is the size of the large ribosomal subunit in Prokaryotes?

A

50S

37
Q

What is the size of the small ribosomal subunit in prokaryotes?

A

30S

38
Q

What is the total of the large and small ribosomal subunits for prokaryotes?

A

70S

39
Q

What is the start codon for prokaryotic initiation?

A

n-formyl methionine (f-met)

40
Q

What is the sequence involved in the Shine Delgarno Sequence?

A

5’-GGAGGU-3’

41
Q

What are the three sites in the elongation process?

A

Aminoacyl Site (A)
Peptidyl Site (P)
Exit Site (E)

42
Q

In which site of elongation does the tRNA come?

A

Aminoacyl Site (A)

43
Q

This is known as the movement of the tRNA from the P site to the E site, A site to P site, etc.

A

Translocation

44
Q

This stage occurs when a stop codon in the mRNA is hit in the ribosome.

A

Termination

45
Q

Once a ribosome hits a particular stop codon, a ______________________ jumps into the A-site. They can recognize and bind to the stop codons and stop the translation process.

A

Release Factor

46
Q

True or False: Translation may occur in the ribosomes of the RER only.

A

False

(+ free ribosomes)

47
Q

It is a series of 16-30 amino acid residues recognized by another unique molecule called the signal recognition protein/particle (SRP).

A

Signal Sequence

48
Q

Between the small and large ribosomal subunit, what decodes the mRNA?

A

small

[MT 6315] Cytogenetics (16 decks)

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