Unit 3 - Scientific principles and process Flashcards
What is the scientific cycle?
- observation, construction of a testable hypothesis,
- experimental design,
- gathering, recording, and analysis of
data, - evaluation of results and conclusions,
- then formation of a revised hypothesis where necessary
What does the null hypothesis propose?
The null hypothesis proposes that there will
be no statistically significant effect as a result
of the experiment treatment
What are the common methods of sharing scientific findings?
- seminars,
- talks and posters at conferences,
- publishing in academic journals
What is peer review?
- evaluation by specialists with expertise in the
relevant field - Specialists with expertise in the relevant field
assess the scientific quality of a submitted
manuscript and make recommendations
regarding its suitability for publication.
What are review articles?
summarise current knowledge and recent findings in a particular field
What is important to consider with scientific ethics?
- Honesty and integrity,
- unbiased presentation of results,
- citing and providing references,
- avoiding plagiarism
What does the replication of experiments do?
The replication of experiments by
others reduces the opportunity for dishonesty
or the deliberate misuse of science
What are the 3 Rs of animal studies?
replacement, reduction, and refinement
What is reduction?
Can fewer animals be used?
What is refinement?
Can the procedure be refined to reduce harm to animals
What is replacement?
Methods which avoid or replace the use of animals
What are the considerations in human studies?
Informed consent, the right to withdraw, and
confidentiality in human studies
What must scientific research be accounted for?
The justification for scientific research and
the assessment of any risks
What does it mean by justification?
The value or quality of science investigations
must be justifiable in terms of the benefits of
its outcome, including the pursuit of scientific
knowledge.
What must be taken into account with studies?
The risk to and safety of subject species,
individuals, investigators and the
environment must be taken into account
