Unit 3 - Reactions and Enzymes Flashcards
Chemical Reaction
a process that leads to the transformation of 1 set of chemical substances to another (reactions can be catalyzed or uncatalyzed)
Chemical Equilibrium occurs when
forward and reverse reactions proceed at the same rate and the quantities and products remain constant
Number of Collisions is dependent on
temperature and concentration of the reactants which correlate to collisions
Metabolism
are all the cell’s chemical reactions that transpire inside cells, including those that use and release energy
Anabolic vs Catabolic Pathways
Anabolic: small->large molecules - build using energy (ex.anabolic steroids) =condensation/dehydration rxns
Catabolic: large->small molecules (break down-release energy)
=hydrolysis rxns
Potential Energy
stored energy, chemicals store potential energy
Chemical Energy
electrons and their positions within molecules, object’s position determines ability to store energy
(ATP contains chemical energy)
Kinetic Energy
energy of movement
Thermal energy/heat
form of kinetic energy, increases with temp
First Law of Thermodynamics - Conservation of Energy
energy can’t be destroyed
Second Law: Universe has tendency to become more disordered
disorder increases by default (ex. something compacted will distribute itself as much as possible by default)
H (enthalpy)
internal, potential energy
S (entropy)
disorder
Gibbs Free Energy Equation
tells if chemical reaction is favorable or not
G<0 is exergonic “spontaneous” rxn
G>0 is endergonic rxn that requires energy
G=0 is at equilibrium
Exergonic
when chemical reaction is spontaneous, proceeding on its own without external influence like added energy
