Genetic Code and Translation - Feb 1 Flashcards
Codons
sets of 3 nucleotides
3 Stop Codons
UAA, UAG, UGA
Process of translation but not transcription follow the instructions of
starts and stop codons
What is the start codon
Aug - Met(hionine)
Standard genetic code has _ amino acids specified by _ codons
20, 61
Transfer RNA’s
actually translate the mRNA because they directly couple nucleotide sequence to amino acid
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
recognizes a tRNA and its corresponding amino acid and catalyzes their joining using the energy of ATP
Antiparallel base-pairing
when tRNA’s (3’ to 5’) recognize codons in mRNA’s (5’ to 3’) ex. tRNA UAC to mRNA AUG (start)
Reading Frame
set of 3 bases read as a codon
Ribosome decoding occurs in
the small subunit
Ribosome Peptide Bond formation and tRNA binding sites are in
the large subunit
Ribosomes are a macromolecule complex made of
50% RNA and 50% protein
Shine Dalgarno sequence
prokaryotic mRNA where initiation complex is formed
In Eukaryotes, the initiation complex forms at the
5’ cap and scans along the mRNA until the first AUG is encountered
Many bacterial mRNA are Polycistronic -
containing more than one open reading frame