Genetic Code and Translation - Feb 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Codons

A

sets of 3 nucleotides

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2
Q

3 Stop Codons

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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3
Q

Process of translation but not transcription follow the instructions of

A

starts and stop codons

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4
Q

What is the start codon

A

Aug - Met(hionine)

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5
Q

Standard genetic code has _ amino acids specified by _ codons

A

20, 61

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6
Q

Transfer RNA’s

A

actually translate the mRNA because they directly couple nucleotide sequence to amino acid

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7
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

A

recognizes a tRNA and its corresponding amino acid and catalyzes their joining using the energy of ATP

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8
Q

Antiparallel base-pairing

A

when tRNA’s (3’ to 5’) recognize codons in mRNA’s (5’ to 3’) ex. tRNA UAC to mRNA AUG (start)

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9
Q

Reading Frame

A

set of 3 bases read as a codon

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10
Q

Ribosome decoding occurs in

A

the small subunit

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11
Q

Ribosome Peptide Bond formation and tRNA binding sites are in

A

the large subunit

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12
Q

Ribosomes are a macromolecule complex made of

A

50% RNA and 50% protein

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13
Q

Shine Dalgarno sequence

A

prokaryotic mRNA where initiation complex is formed

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14
Q

In Eukaryotes, the initiation complex forms at the

A

5’ cap and scans along the mRNA until the first AUG is encountered

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15
Q

Many bacterial mRNA are Polycistronic -

A

containing more than one open reading frame

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16
Q

Initiation Factors

A

translations version of general transcription factors

17
Q

Translocation

A

ribosome moves down a codon using GTP kicking out and introducing the next tRNA

18
Q

Peptidyltransferase reaction

A

the polypeptide attached to the P site tRNA is moved to the tRNA in the a site