Transcription - Jan 30 Flashcards

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1
Q

Transcription

A

synthesis of a single stranded RNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction

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2
Q

RNA polymerase

A

enzyme that catalyzes transcription

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3
Q

RNA polymerase can start transcription de novo

A

without a primer (unlike DNA polymerase)

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4
Q

RNA polymerase is powerful because

A

while transcribing, it can unwind DNA, elongate transcript, release finished transcript, and restore DNA double helix after finishing

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5
Q

Transcription begins and ends at

A

binding of RNA polymerase to promoter sequence, terminator sequence

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6
Q

General Transcription Factors are

A

(at least six proteins) required to recruit RNA polymerase to the promoter and initiate transcription

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7
Q

Mediator Complex

A

bridges transcriptional regulatory proteins to the promoter

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8
Q

Transcriptional Activator Proteins

A

bind to enhancers (which appear before promoters) and increase the rate of transcription

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9
Q

What are the 3 stages of transcription?

A

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

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10
Q

Terminator

A

causes RNA polymerase to dissociate from the template DNA, ending transcription

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11
Q

Transcription Factors include

A

general transcription factors, activators, and repressors

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12
Q

Exons

A

code for the protein and are spliced to create the actual mRNA

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13
Q

Introns

A

do not code for protein and must be removed for the mRNA to be properly translated

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14
Q

Polyadenylation

A

adds a poly(A) tail (AAAAA) to the 3’ end

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15
Q

5’ capping

A

needed to initiate translation of an mRNA

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16
Q

Splicing

A

carried out by series of RNAs and proteins called the spliceosome