DNA Replication - Jan 25/27

Question 1

Semiconservative DNA replication

Answer 1

each new DNA molecule consists of 1 old and 1 new strand

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

all of DNA

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

DNA-protein complex found in eukaryotes

Question 4

DNA polymerase

Answer 4

an enzyme that catalyzes replication by elongating the primer, adding DNA nucleotides to the 3’ end

Question 5

Leading Strand is

Answer 5

synthesizes continuously torward replication fork opening up

Question 6

Lagging strand is

Answer 6

synthesized discontinuously in direction away from replication fork

Question 7

Primer

Answer 7

necessary for DNA synthesis, is an existing chain with free 3’ OH

Question 8

Primase

Answer 8

an RNA polymerase that makes primer

Question 9

DNA ligase

Answer 9

an enzyme that joins DNA fragments together after DNA synthesis

Question 10

Helicase

Answer 10

uses ATP to unwind DNA duplex=replication fork

Question 11

Topoisomerase

Answer 11

relieves stress of unwinding before Helicase

Question 12

Single-stranded binding proteins

Answer 12

stabilize single strands of DNA

Question 13

DNA polymerase complex

Answer 13

site of replication fork growing chain to increase chain length 1 DNA subunit at a time

Question 14

Replication bubbles

Answer 14

2 joined replication forks

Question 15

End Replication Problem

Answer 15

when DNA polymerase cannot begin precisely at the beginning of a template strand = shortened chromosomes over generations

Question 16

Telomerase is and solves what?

Answer 16

enzyme that binds to and elongates unreplicated template strand (solves end replication problem)