Unit 2 - Meiotic Division - Mar 17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ploidy, examples

A

refers to the # of each chromosome that an organism carries. One set is designated ā€œnā€
Haploid: 1n
Diploid: 2n
Triploid: 3n

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2
Q

Mitosis vs Meiosis production

A

Mitosis: 2 identical daughter cells

Meiosis: 4 daughter cells, with half the genetic content of parent cell (2n parent->1n haploid daughter)

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3
Q

Zygote

A

a fertilized egg - a diploid cell that gives rise to all the cells of an organism

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4
Q

Reductive Division

A

When cells go from diploid to haploid in Meiosis 1. Meiosis occurs in 2 divisions called Meiosis 1 and 2.

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5
Q

Crossing Over

A

homologous recombination, each chromosome is joined at the exact same spot to the paired homolog, mixes up maternal and paternal alleles during Meiosis 1

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6
Q

Steps of Meiosis I

A

Interphase
Early Prophase 1 - chromosomes pair, spindle activates
Late Prophase 1 - nuclear envelope gone, spindle reach more, crossing over
Metaphase 1-crossed over pairs line up in middle
Anaphase 1-pairs pulled towards spindle (poles)
Telophase 1 + Cytokinesis-cell divides as haploid

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7
Q

Bivalents

A

homologous pair of chromosomes which form during early prophase 1

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8
Q

Meiosis II Steps

A

Prophase II-2 haploid cells duplicate chromosomes to sister chromatids
Metaphase II-sister chromatids line up in middle
Anaphase II-pulled apart
Telophase II + Cytokinesis-4 haploid cells

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9
Q

Somatic Cells

A

cell that only do mitosis, vast majority of human body

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10
Q

The Key to remembering the difference between meiosis and mitosis

A

homologous chromosomes only pair in meiosis,
homologous chromosomes ignore each other in mitosis

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11
Q

Nondisjunction

A

chromosome segregation errors, either homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids can fail to separate

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12
Q

Aneuploid

A

a cell with abnormal chromosome number

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