Unit 3

Question 1

A verbal behavior that modifies the functions of other verbal behaviors.

Answer 1

Autoclitic relation

Question 2

A type of correction technique to reduce the frequency of errors.

Answer 2

Error correction

Question 3

Instructional methods specifically designed to prevent or substantially minimize any learner errors are used to teach particular discriminations.

Answer 3

Errorless teaching

Question 4

Tact responses prompted by specific verbal instructions.

Answer 4

Impure tact

Question 5

A type of prompt in which the trainer demonstrates the target behavior for the learner.

Answer 5

Modeling prompt

Question 6

The reinforcement contingency for the behavior of a particular person in the normal course of the person’s life.

Answer 6

Natural contingency of reinforcement

Question 7

An observation setting that is part of the client’s normal daily routine.

Answer 7

Natural setting

Question 8

A neutral change that does not elicit respondent behavior.

Answer 8

Neutral stimulus

Question 9

Behavior that acts on the environment to produce an immediate consequence and, in turn, is strengthened by that consequence.

Answer 9

Operant behavior

Question 10

An assessment in which two potential reinforcers are presented to an individual, and the researcher records which stimulus the individual approaches.

Answer 10

Paired stimulus assessment

Question 11

A type of reinforcement in which, contingent on the behavior, a stimulus or event is presented and the probability of the behavior increases in the future.

Answer 11

Positive reinforcement

Question 12

A process of identifying reinforcers for an individual that involves presenting potential reinforcers and measuring whether the individual approaches, manipulates, or consumes the item.

Answer 12

Preference assessment

Question 13

A method used to increase the likelihood that a person will engage in the correct behavior at the correct time, which may involve the behavior of the trainer or supplemental environmental stimuli.

Answer 13

Prompt

Question 14

A procedure in which the trainer presents the discriminative stimulus and then, after a specific interval of time, presents the prompt.

Answer 14

Prompt delay

Question 15

The gradual removal of prompts as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.

Answer 15

Prompt fading

Question 16

A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relation in which the learner, without any prior training or reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus (e.g., A=A).

Answer 16

Reflexivity

Question 17

A decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation.

Answer 17

Reinforcer-abolishing effect

Question 18

An increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation.

Answer 18

Reinforcer-establishing effect

Question 19

Holds that only behaviors likely to produce reinforcement in that person’s natural environment should be targeted for change.

Answer 19

Relevance of behavior rule

Question 20

A socially mediated reinforcer, such as physical contact, proximity, attention, or praise.

Answer 20

Social reinforcer

Question 21

Some change in an antecedent stimulus or the addition or removal of an antecedent stimulus, with the goal of making a correct response more likely.

Answer 21

Stimulus prompt

Question 22

The sequence of new response classes that emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement. Each successive response class is closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces.

Answer 22

Successive approximation

Question 23

A stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.

Answer 23

Surrogate conditioned motivating operation

Question 24

A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relationship in which the learner, without prior training or reinforcement for doing so, demonstrates the reversibility of matched sample and comparison stimuli (e.g., A=B, then B=A).

Answer 24

Symmetry

Question 25

A strategy for promoting generalized behavior change that consists of teaching the learner to respond to a subset of all of the relevant stimulus and response examples, and then assessing the learner’s performance on untrained examples.

Answer 25

Teaching sufficient examples

Question 26

A process in which prompts are removed once the target behavior is occurring in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.

Answer 26

Transfer of stimulus control

Question 27

An environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus.

Answer 27

Transitive conditioned motivating operation

Question 28

A derived (untrained) stimulus-stimulus relation (e.g., A=C, C=A) that emerges as a product of training two other stimulus-stimulus relations.

Answer 28

Transitivity

Question 29

An alteration in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a result of a motivating operation.

Answer 29

Value-altering effect

Question 30

A repetitive vocal sound or word uttered by an individual that does not serve any communicative function.

Answer 30

Vocal tic