Unit 2 Flashcards
An observation setting that is not part of the client’s normal daily routine.
Analouge setting
Anyone who functions as a discriminative stimulus that evokes behavior.
Audience
An action that has sudden and dramatic consequences that extend well beyond the idiosyncratic change itself, because it exposes the person to new environments, reinforcers, contingencies, responses, and stimulus controls.
Behavioral cusp
An undesirable target behavior that a person seeks to decrease in frequency, duration, or intensity.
Behavioral excess
An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation.
Behavior-altering effect
An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a nonvocal verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the controlling response.
Copying a text
Any operant whose response rate is controlled by a given opportunity to complete the response.
Discrete trial
An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response.
Echoic
The manner in which a response is brought on during respondent conditioning.
Elicit
The manner in which a response is brought on during operant conditioning.
Evoke
A type of stimulus prompt in which a stimulus is added to help a person make a correct discrimination.
Extra stimulus prompt
Stimuli that share common physical forms or structures or common relative relationships.
Feature stimulus class
A situation that occurs when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or response product (a) share the same sense mode (that is, both stimulus and response are visual, auditory, or tactile) and (b) physically resemble each other.
Formal similarity
A type of prompting in which the trainer physically assists the learner to engage in the correct behavior at the correct time.
Physical prompting
An action that, when learned, produces corresponding modifications or covariation in other untrained behavior.
Pivotal behavior
A relation between the stimulus and response or response product that occurs when the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus matches the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal response.
Point-to-point correspondence
A type of positive reinforcement in which the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior is made contingent on the occurrence of a low-probability behavior to increase the low-probability behavior.
Premack principle
A ratio of count per observance time, often expressed as count per standard unit of time and calculated by dividing the number of responses recorded by the number of standard units of time in which observations were conducted.
Rate
The stimulus that follows the behavior and increase the occurrence of the behavior in the future.
Reinforcer
A process in which an item from a preference assessment is delivered contingent on a behavior to see if the behavior increases.
Reinforcer assessment
A group of responses of varying typography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.
Response class
The amount of force, exertion, or time involved in executing a response.
Response effort
Progressive (and ultimately total) loss of effectiveness of a reinforcer.
Satiation
A schedule that specifies which responses will be followed by delivery of the reinforcer. It may be continuous or intermittent.
Schedule of reinforcement
A process of changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing the response ratio or the extent of the time interval, which results in a lower rate of reinforcement per responses, time, or both.
Schedule thinning
Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior.
Shaping
Refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important and significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced.
Social validity
A type of reinforcement that is provided through the actions of other people.
Socially mediated reinforcement
An environmental event that can be detected by one of the senses.
Stimulus
The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations.
Stimulus equivalence
