Unit 2

Question 1

An observation setting that is not part of the client’s normal daily routine.

Answer 1

Analouge setting

Question 2

Anyone who functions as a discriminative stimulus that evokes behavior.

Answer 2

Audience

Question 3

An action that has sudden and dramatic consequences that extend well beyond the idiosyncratic change itself, because it exposes the person to new environments, reinforcers, contingencies, responses, and stimulus controls.

Answer 3

Behavioral cusp

Question 4

An undesirable target behavior that a person seeks to decrease in frequency, duration, or intensity.

Answer 4

Behavioral excess

Question 5

An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation.

Answer 5

Behavior-altering effect

Question 6

An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a nonvocal verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the controlling response.

Answer 6

Copying a text

Question 7

Any operant whose response rate is controlled by a given opportunity to complete the response.

Answer 7

Discrete trial

Question 8

An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence and formal similarity with the response.

Answer 8

Echoic

Question 9

The manner in which a response is brought on during respondent conditioning.

Answer 9

Elicit

Question 10

The manner in which a response is brought on during operant conditioning.

Answer 10

Evoke

Question 11

A type of stimulus prompt in which a stimulus is added to help a person make a correct discrimination.

Answer 11

Extra stimulus prompt

Question 12

Stimuli that share common physical forms or structures or common relative relationships.

Answer 12

Feature stimulus class

Question 13

A situation that occurs when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or response product (a) share the same sense mode (that is, both stimulus and response are visual, auditory, or tactile) and (b) physically resemble each other.

Answer 13

Formal similarity

Question 14

A type of prompting in which the trainer physically assists the learner to engage in the correct behavior at the correct time.

Answer 14

Physical prompting

Question 15

An action that, when learned, produces corresponding modifications or covariation in other untrained behavior.

Answer 15

Pivotal behavior

Question 16

A relation between the stimulus and response or response product that occurs when the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus matches the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal response.

Answer 16

Point-to-point correspondence

Question 17

A type of positive reinforcement in which the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior is made contingent on the occurrence of a low-probability behavior to increase the low-probability behavior.

Answer 17

Premack principle

Question 18

A ratio of count per observance time, often expressed as count per standard unit of time and calculated by dividing the number of responses recorded by the number of standard units of time in which observations were conducted.

Answer 18

Rate

Question 19

The stimulus that follows the behavior and increase the occurrence of the behavior in the future.

Answer 19

Reinforcer

Question 20

A process in which an item from a preference assessment is delivered contingent on a behavior to see if the behavior increases.

Answer 20

Reinforcer assessment

Question 21

A group of responses of varying typography, all of which produce the same effect on the environment.

Answer 21

Response class

Question 22

The amount of force, exertion, or time involved in executing a response.

Answer 22

Response effort

Question 23

Progressive (and ultimately total) loss of effectiveness of a reinforcer.

Answer 23

Satiation

Question 24

A schedule that specifies which responses will be followed by delivery of the reinforcer. It may be continuous or intermittent.

Answer 24

Schedule of reinforcement

Question 25

A process of changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing the response ratio or the extent of the time interval, which results in a lower rate of reinforcement per responses, time, or both.

Answer 25

Schedule thinning

Question 26

Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior.

Answer 26

Shaping

Question 27

Refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important and significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced.

Answer 27

Social validity

Question 28

A type of reinforcement that is provided through the actions of other people.

Answer 28

Socially mediated reinforcement

Question 29

An environmental event that can be detected by one of the senses.

Answer 29

Stimulus

Question 30

The emergence of accurate responding to untrained and nonreinforced stimulus-stimulus relations following the reinforcement of responses to some stimulus-stimulus relations.

Answer 30

Stimulus equivalence