Unit 1 Flashcards
A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event.
Abolishing operation
The specific stimulus that precedes a behavior.
Antecedent stimulus
A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.
Conditioned reinforcer
A formerly neutral stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Conditioned stimulus
The state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcer.
Deprivation
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.
Discriminative stimulus
The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or referred part of an organism exists.
Environment
Behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.
Escape behavior
Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to escape the aversive situation.
Escape extinction
A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.
Establishing operation
An antecedent intervention in which an appropriate communicative behavior is taught as a replacement behavior for problem behavior usually evoked by an establishing operation.
Functional communication training
A response that results in the same reinforcing outcome as an alternative response. The response serves the same function as the alternative response.
Functionally equivalent
A physical movement or gesture of another person that leads to the correct behavior in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.
Gestural prompt
An inclusive term referring in general to all of a person’s learning experiences, and more specifically to past conditioning with respect to particular response classes or aspects of a person’s repertoire.
History of reinforcement
A behavior controlled by any physical movement that serves as a novel model excluding vocal-verbal behavior, has formal similarity with the model, and immediately follows the occurrence of the model.
Imitation
An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus and that does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus.
Intraverbal
Someone who provides reinforcement for verbal behavior.
Listener
An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement.
Mand
A procedure for investigating conditional relations and stimulus equivalence.
Matching-to-sample
An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.
Motivating operation
Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and increases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.
Reinforcement
All of the behaviors that a person can do, or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.
Repertoire
Someone who engages in verbal behavior by emitting mands, tacts, intraverbals, autoclitics, and so on.
Speaker
A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number of trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus.
Stimulus-stimulus pairing
An elementary verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement.
Tact
A reinforcer that is related to access to physical items, such as stickers, trinkets, school materials, trading cards, or small toys.
Tangible reinforcer
The response class selected for intervention.
Target behavior
An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence, but not formal similarity, between the stimulus and the response product.
Textual
Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener; includes both vocal-verbal behavior (such as saying “Water, please” to get water) and nonvocal-verbal behavior (pointing to a glass of water to get water).
Verbal behavior
A type of prompt in which the verbal behavior of another person results in the correct behavior of the trainee in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.
Verbal prompt
