Unit 1

Question 1

A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event.

Answer 1

Abolishing operation

Question 2

The specific stimulus that precedes a behavior.

Answer 2

Antecedent stimulus

Question 3

A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.

Answer 3

Conditioned reinforcer

Question 4

A formerly neutral stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Answer 4

Conditioned stimulus

Question 5

The state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcer.

Answer 5

Deprivation

Question 6

A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.

Answer 6

Discriminative stimulus

Question 7

The conglomerate of real circumstances in which the organism or referred part of an organism exists.

Answer 7

Environment

Question 8

Behavior that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus.

Answer 8

Escape behavior

Question 9

Behaviors maintained with negative reinforcement are placed on escape extinction when those behaviors are not followed by termination of the aversive stimulus; emitting the target behavior does not enable the person to escape the aversive situation.

Answer 9

Escape extinction

Question 10

A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.

Answer 10

Establishing operation

Question 11

An antecedent intervention in which an appropriate communicative behavior is taught as a replacement behavior for problem behavior usually evoked by an establishing operation.

Answer 11

Functional communication training

Question 12

A response that results in the same reinforcing outcome as an alternative response. The response serves the same function as the alternative response.

Answer 12

Functionally equivalent

Question 13

A physical movement or gesture of another person that leads to the correct behavior in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.

Answer 13

Gestural prompt

Question 14

An inclusive term referring in general to all of a person’s learning experiences, and more specifically to past conditioning with respect to particular response classes or aspects of a person’s repertoire.

Answer 14

History of reinforcement

Question 15

A behavior controlled by any physical movement that serves as a novel model excluding vocal-verbal behavior, has formal similarity with the model, and immediately follows the occurrence of the model.

Answer 15

Imitation

Question 16

An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus and that does not have point-to-point correspondence with that verbal stimulus.

Answer 16

Intraverbal

Question 17

Someone who provides reinforcement for verbal behavior.

Answer 17

Listener

Question 18

An elementary verbal operant that is evoked by an MO and followed by specific reinforcement.

Answer 18

Mand

Question 19

A procedure for investigating conditional relations and stimulus equivalence.

Answer 19

Matching-to-sample

Question 20

An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.

Answer 20

Motivating operation

Question 21

Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and increases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.

Answer 21

Reinforcement

Question 22

All of the behaviors that a person can do, or a set of behaviors relevant to a particular setting or task.

Answer 22

Repertoire

Question 23

Someone who engages in verbal behavior by emitting mands, tacts, intraverbals, autoclitics, and so on.

Answer 23

Speaker

Question 24

A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number of trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus.

Answer 24

Stimulus-stimulus pairing

Question 25

An elementary verbal operant evoked by a nonverbal discriminative stimulus and followed by generalized conditioned reinforcement.

Answer 25

Tact

Question 26

A reinforcer that is related to access to physical items, such as stickers, trinkets, school materials, trading cards, or small toys.

Answer 26

Tangible reinforcer

Question 27

The response class selected for intervention.

Answer 27

Target behavior

Question 28

An elementary verbal operant involving a response that is evoked by a verbal discriminative stimulus that has point-to-point correspondence, but not formal similarity, between the stimulus and the response product.

Answer 28

Textual

Question 29

Behavior whose reinforcement is mediated by a listener; includes both vocal-verbal behavior (such as saying “Water, please” to get water) and nonvocal-verbal behavior (pointing to a glass of water to get water).

Answer 29

Verbal behavior

Question 30

A type of prompt in which the verbal behavior of another person results in the correct behavior of the trainee in the presence of the discriminative stimulus.

Answer 30

Verbal prompt