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Microbiology > Unit 3: 17.2 > Flashcards

Unit 3: 17.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemical mediators

A

Substances found in body fluids and tissues that inhibits microbes

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2
Q

Sebum

A

Oil that is released from hair follicles onto skin

  • endogenous mediator
  • seals off pore of hair follicle and prevents bacteria from getting sweat glands and skin
  • sebum acts as a food source to resident microbiota and turns sebum into oleic acid (exogenous) making a mildly acidic environment for pathogens
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3
Q

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)

A

Mediators with broad spectrum antimicrobial properties

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4
Q

AMP: Bacteriocins

A
  • Secreted by: resident microbiota
  • body site: gastrointestinal tract
  • inhibits: bacteria
  • mode of action: disrupts membranes
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5
Q

AMP: Cathelicidin

A

Secreted by: epithelial cells, macrophages

  • Body site: skin
  • inhibits: bacteria and fungi
  • mode of action: disrupts membrane
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6
Q

AMP: Defensins

A
  • Secreted by: epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils
  • Body site: throughout the body
  • inhibits: fungi, bacteria and other viruses
  • mode of action: disrupts membranes
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7
Q

AMP: Dermicidin

A
  • Secreted by: sweat glands
  • body site: skin
  • inhibits: bacteria and fungi
  • mode of action: disrupts membranes integrity and ion channels
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8
Q

AMP: Histatins

A
  • Secreted by: salivary glands
  • body site: Oral cavity
  • inhibits: fungi
  • mode of action: disrupts intracelular function
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9
Q

Acute phase proteins

A

Made in the liver and secreted into blood in response to inflammatory molecules from the immune system

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10
Q

Complement system

A

A group of plasma protein mediators that can act as defense and connects the adaptive immunity
-made of 30 proteins (C1 through C9)
that act as precursor proteins in blood
-innate non specific immunity

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11
Q

Complement activation

A

When complement precursors become functional

-can be triggered by alternative, classical or lectin

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12
Q

Alternate pathway

A

Is activated by complement protein C3

  • hydrolysis makes C3a and C3b
  • C3b is degraded by water in the blood if no microbes, when there are microbes C3b attaches to surface of microbe and recruit other proteins
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13
Q

Classical pathway

A

More efficient way of activating complement cascade depend on production of antibodies

  • a specific antibody must bind to the pathogen to form an antibody antigen complex
  • C1 is activated and activates the rest of the complex
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14
Q

Lectin pathway

A

Similar to classical pathway but is triggered by mannose binding lectin (acute phase protein) to carbohydrates in microbial surface
-like acute phase proteins, lectins are made by liver cells and are triggered by inflammatory signals

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15
Q

All complement pathways do:

A

Opsonization, inflammation, chemotaxis, cytolysis

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16
Q

Opsonization

A

Coating of a pathogen in a chemical substance that allows phagocytes cells to recognize engulf and destroy it more easily

17
Q

Membrane attack complex (MAC)

A

Made of complement proteins C6 through C9

-allows to polymerize into pores in the membranes of gram negative bacteria

18
Q

Cytokines

A

Soluble proteins that act as communication signals between cells

  • autocrine
  • paracrine
  • endocrine
19
Q

Autocrine

A

Same cell secretes and receives cytokine signal (self stimulation by a cell)

20
Q

Paracrine

A

Cytokine signal secreted to a nearby cell

21
Q

Endocrine

A

Cytokine signal secrets to circulatory system travels to distant cells

22
Q

Three classes of cytokines?

A
  1. Interleukins
  2. Chemokines
  3. Interferons
23
Q

Interleukins

A

Interleukins modulate almost every function of the immune system and stimulate cells unrelated to immune defenses

24
Q

Chemokines

A

Chemotactic factors that recruit leukocytes to sites of infection, tissue damage, and inflammation

25
Q

Interferons

A

Signaling molecules that are important for defense against viruses
-type 1 inferons destroy RNA and stop protein synthesis

26
Q

Histamine

A

Mediates pro inflammatory events such as airway tightening and contraction of smooth muscle

27
Q

Leukotrines

A

Lipid based pro inflammatory mediators made from cell membrane of leukocytes and tissue cells
-more potent and longer lasting than histamine

Microbiology (31 decks)

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