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Microbiology > Unit 1: Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Symbiosis

A

Interaction between different species in a community

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2
Q

Mutualism

A
  • benefited

- benefited

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3
Q

Amensalism

A
  • Harmed

- unaffected

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4
Q

Commensalism

A
  • Benefited

- Unaffected

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5
Q

Neutralism

A
  • Unaffected

- Unaffected

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6
Q

Parasitism

A
  • Benefited

- Harmed

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7
Q

Microbiome

A

-community of microorganisms living in an environment

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8
Q

Resident microbiota

A

Microorganisms that constantly live in or on our bodies

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9
Q

Transient microbiota

A

Microorganisms that are temporarily on human body

-includes pathogenic microorganisms

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10
Q

Microbiota

A

-prokaryotes living in a certain region of the body (example mouth,eye, throat)

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11
Q

Commensal microbiota

A

-type of resident microbiota that is mutualistic, example found in mouth

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12
Q

Normal microbiota

A
  • microorganisms that naturally inhabit healthy normal people
  • prevents pathogens from living there
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13
Q

How are prokaryotes classified?

A
  • shape
  • staining patterns
  • biochemical/physiological differences
  • nucleotide sequencing
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14
Q

Proteobacteria

A

-phylum of gram negative bacteria discovered by Carl Woese based on nucleotide sequence homology

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15
Q

Alphaproteobacteria

A

-can live in low nutrient environments

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16
Q

Oligotrophs

A

-species that can live in low nutrient environments

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17
Q

Obligate intracelular pathogens

A
  • require part of their life cycle to be in other cells (host cells)
  • Chlamydias and rickettsias
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18
Q

Rickettsia

A
  • pathogen in Alphaproteobacteria class

- need to be in a host cell for energy because they can’t make ATP

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19
Q

Betaproteobacteria

A
  • have a wide range of metabolic strategies can survive in a range of environments
  • includes pathogens, Neisseria, and Bordetella pertussis
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20
Q

Gammaproteobacteria

A
  • largest/most diverse group

- Eschericha cool

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21
Q

Enteric

A

-intestinal bacteria in Gammaproteobacteria

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22
Q

Coliform

A

-ferment lactose completely with the production of acid and gas

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23
Q

Noncoliforms

A

Cannot ferment lactose or only ferment it incompletely making an acid or gas but both both

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24
Q

Deltaproteobacteria

A
  • small group of gram negative bacteria that can reduce sulfur
  • some are scavengers and form myoxospores w/ fruiting bodies
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25
Q

Epsilonproteobacteria

A

-require small amounts of oxygen in environment

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26
Q

Rickettsia

A
  • gram negative
  • can be cocci/rods/threads
  • obligate intracelular bacteria
  • Alphaproteobacteria
  • transmitted by TICKS can cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever & typhus
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27
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • obligate intracelular pathogen
  • Alphaproteobacteria
  • causes trachoma, disease of the eyes that cause blindness
  • also cause std lymphogranuloma (LGV)
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28
Q

Neisseria

A
  • Betaproteobacteria
  • microaerophilic (requires low levels of oxygen)
  • diplococcal resembles coffee beans
  • needs moisture and CO2
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29
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Causes gonorrhea

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30
Q

Neisseria meningitides

A

Causes meningitis

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31
Q

Pseudomonas

A
  • gram negative bacillus
  • aerobic
  • green culture
  • opportunistic
  • can cause wound, hospital, and patients w/ cystic fibrosis infections
32
Q

Vibrio

A
  • gram negative comma/rod shaped
  • live in sea water
  • motile
  • produce toxins that cause hypersecretion of water and electrolytes in GI track
33
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A
  • infects wounds and burns
  • causes urinary tract infections
  • respiratory infections in patients w/ cystic fibrosis
34
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

-causes a hypersecretion of water and electrolytes causing watery diarrhea and dehydration

35
Q

Escherichia

A
  • gram negative bacillus
  • facultative anaerobe
  • inhabits GI track
36
Q

Yersinia

A
  • gram negative bacillus
  • carried by rodents
  • cause plague and diarrhea
37
Q

Salmonella

A

Causes salmonellosis which inflamed small and large intestine causes fever, vomiting, and diarrhea

38
Q

Campylobacter

A
  • gram negative spiral shaped rod
  • aerobic
  • infects chickens
39
Q

Helicobacter

A
  • gram negative spiral-shaped rod
  • aerobic
  • can damage inner lining of stomach causing chronic gastritis ulcers and stomach cancer
40
Q

Spirochetes

A 
Motile, spiral bacteria with long narrow body 
nonproteobacteria 
-DF microscope 
-impossible to culture/stain 
-syphilis 3rd most common std
41
Q

Borrelia

A
  • genus of spirochete

- contains species that cause Lyme disease

42
Q

Gram negative nonproteobacteria

A
  • spirochetes
  • Cytophaga
  • Fusobacterium
  • Bacteroides
  • Planctomycetes
  • photo trophic bacteria
43
Q

CFB Group

A

Rod shaped anaerobic organoheterotrophs/good fermenters
C: Cytophaga
F: Fusobacteria
B: Bacteroides

44
Q

Cytophaga

A

Motile aquatic bacteria that glide

45
Q

Fusobacteria

A

Live in human mouth can cause severe infectious diseases

46
Q

Bacteroides

A

Largest group of CFB

Large amounts found in the human gut, most are mutualistic some are pathogenic

47
Q

Planctomycetes

A

Found in aquatic environments

  • reproduce by budding
  • form large colonies
  • develop a holdfast
48
Q

Photo trophic bacteria

A
  • use sunlight as energy
  • includes proteobacteria & nonproteobacteria
  • sulfur & nonsulfur bacteria colored purple/green
  • can fix nitrogen into usable forms of nitrogen
49
Q

Sulfur bacteria

A
  • do anoxygenic photosynthesis
  • use sulfur compounds as donors of electrons
  • non sulfur use organic compounds as electron donors
50
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

Oxygen producing bacteria that introduced oxygen into the air forming earths atmosphere

51
Q

Treponema

A
  • genus that causes syphilis

- causes tropical infectious diseases of skin, bones, and joints

52
Q

High G+C gram-positive bacteria

A

Have 50% more guanine and cytosine nucleotides in their DNA

53
Q

Low G+C gram-positive bacteria

A

Have 50% less guanine and cytosine nucleotides in DNA

54
Q

Actinobacteria

A
  • name for class of high G+C gram positive bacteria

- has several different peptidoglycan in cell wall

55
Q

Mycobacterium

A
  • bacilli covered with a mycolic acid coat

- Acintobacteria

56
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Causes tuberculosis

-high G+C gram positive

57
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A
  • causes leprosy (Hanens Disease)

- high G+C gran positive

58
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Causes diphtheria

-high G+C gram positive

59
Q

Clostridia spp.

A

-low G+C gram positive bacteria that are obligate anaerobes that can make endospores

60
Q

Lactobacillaels

A
  • pharyngitis
  • scarlet fever
  • rheumatic fevers
  • glomerulonephritis
  • pneumonia
61
Q

Bacilli

A
  • low gram positive
  • rod shaped and coccus species
  • resistant to antibiotics
  • anthrax
  • staph aureus
62
Q

Mycoplasma spp.

A
  • low gram positive
  • pleomorphic
  • lack cell walls
63
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Causes atypical pneumonia

64
Q

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Food poisoning/inflammation of small insets tube due to contaminated poultry products

65
Q

Clostridium perfeingens

A

Causes gas gangrene

66
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Causes tetanus

67
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Causes botulism

68
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Causes colitis

69
Q

Escherichia coli

A

makes shiga toxin from contaminated food

70
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Causes syphilis

71
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Causes chronic gastritis and ulcers

72
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Causes Lyme disease

73
Q

Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Causes bacterial vaginosis

74
Q

Streptococcus aureus

A

MRSA

causes skin infections

75
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Causes anthrax

76
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Causes pharyngitis/strep throat

Microbiology (31 decks)

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