Unit 1: 6.1 Flashcards
General characteristics of viruses/virions as pathogens?
- infectious acellular pathogens
- obligate intracelular, specific
- DNA or RNA genome never both
- genome has capsid or phospholipid membrane w/ glycoproteins
- lack genes for reproduction
Can viruses infect every cell?
- can infect host cells of plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea
- only infect specific hosts and specific cells in hosts
Bacteriophage
The viruses that can infect bacteria
Mechanical vector
When an animal carries a viral pathogen on outside of body and gives it to host through physical contact
Biological vector
Animal carries viral pathogen inside its body and transmits to host through biting
How big are viruses?
Range from 20nm to 900 nm
-cannot be observed with regular light microscope
Naked viruses or nonenveloped viruses
Viruses formed only from nuclei acid and capsid
Enveloped viruses
Viruses formed with a nucleic acid packed capsid with a lipid bilayer
Viral envelope
A small part of phospholipid bilateral when viron buds from a host cell
What are spikes?
Protein structures that allow viruses to attach and enter a cell
What are influenza viruses identified by?
Their H and N spikes
What shapes can viruses be?
- helical
- polyhedral
- complex
Viral family names end in?
viridae
Virus genus ends in?
virus
Genome of virus?
- DNA or RNA never both
- single stranded (ss)
- double stranded (ds)
- linear
- circular
Viral life cycle
- Infect a host in their host range
- Genome enters a host cell and makes virions
- New virions are made in host cell by assembly of viral components
- New virions transport the viral genome to another host cell to carry out another round of infection
Provirus vs prophage
Provirus integrates in eukaryotic cells while prophage integrates in bacteria cells
What type of virus must cart its own RNA polymerase?
-ssRNA
